430 likes | 724 Views
Animal Science/Dairy Science 434. Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Female Anatomy. Lecture 1. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy. Learning Objectives. To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. Structure Function. Male. Stallion. Female. Mare. Equine - Horse.
E N D
Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Female Anatomy
Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
Learning Objectives • To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. • Structure • Function
Male Stallion Female Mare Equine - Horse
Female Cow Bovine - Cattle Male Bull
Male Ram Female Ewe Ovine - Sheep
Male Boar Female Sow Porcine - Swine - Pig
Male Rooster Female Hen Avian - Chicken
Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Ovary Ovary Oviduct Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Vulva
Rectum Uterus Vulva Ovary Vagina Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament
Broad Ligament • connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx
Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions • Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone • Female gamete • Oocyte
Follicle Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone Ovary - Estrogen, Oocyte
Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves } Hilus Ovary 85% of Ovarian Cancers Tunica Albuginea
Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle
Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle
Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle
Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle
Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle • Flattened cells surround oocyte Nucleus Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells Follicular Cells Oocyte • Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells • Follicle forms a fluidfilled cavity • Differentiation of cell layersin the follicle wall Antrum Follicle Cells
Theca Externa Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Tertiary Follicle Antrum (Follicular Fluid)
Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum
Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Follicular fluid
Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Lumen Circular smooth muscle layer Mucosa Muscularis
Functions of Oviduct • Gamete Transport • Sperm • Oocyte • Supports early embryo development • Transport of embryo to uterus
Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) Ostium Fimbria Uterine Horn Oviduct Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Ovary Follicle
Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn
Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar
Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions • Transport sperm • Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • capacitation • Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth • Hormone production • Prostaglandin F2a production
horn Uterus (bovine) body • Bicornuate • poorly to moderately developed uterine horns • uterine body • one cervix cervix
Uterine Histology Endometrium Endometrial Glands Perimetrium Myometrium
Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrial Gland Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium
Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Reservoir for sperm • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal
Internal Cervical Os External Cervical Os COW Uterine Body • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings Vagina
Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix External Os Fornix EWE Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina
Functions of the Vagina • Copulatory organ • Glands secrete lubrication • Birth canal • Glands secrete pheromones
Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Fornix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Vagina Anterior Vagina Cervix Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Submucosa Submucosa
Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa
Function of External Genitalia • Labia • Closes entrance to vagina • Clitoris • Female sensory organ
External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia
Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth • female bedbug - no vagina • hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male
Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle