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Manuel Franco MD, PhD CLF Innovation Grant 2006 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiolo

Availability of Healthy Foods in Baltimore: Associations with Diet Quality and BMI. Manuel Franco MD, PhD CLF Innovation Grant 2006 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology. Healthy Foods, Diet Quality and Obesity. 2005 Dietary Guidelines:

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Manuel Franco MD, PhD CLF Innovation Grant 2006 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiolo

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  1. Availability of Healthy Foods in Baltimore: Associations with Diet Quality and BMI Manuel Franco MD, PhD CLF Innovation Grant 2006 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology

  2. Healthy Foods, Diet Quality and Obesity • 2005 Dietary Guidelines: • A variety of fruits and vegetables • Whole grains • Fat-free or low-fat milk • Prevention of obesity, diabetes and heart disease • Large racial and economic health disparities • Hypotheses: Disparities in the availability of healthy foods exist. Availability of healthy foods relates to the quality of diet and body weight

  3. Specific Aims • Aim 1 • Investigate the association of neighborhood availability of healthy foods with racial and income composition of 159 neighborhoods in Baltimore • Aim 2 • Investigate the cross-sectional association • between availability of healthy foods of 749 individuals’ • and their diet quality and BMI

  4. Data Collection: May – July 2006 • 226 food stores completed in 159 neighborhoods • Supermarkets (41), Grocery stores (110), Convenience stores (54), Behind glass stores (21) • Original list: 365 • Misclassified: 130 (34%) • Refusals : 21 (8%) • New Stores : 12 • Data Collectors: Amanda Rosecrans, Brooke Mickle, Gila Neta, Krissett Loya

  5. Grocery Store in West Baltimore 83 MESA participants within 1 mile

  6. Bonus Picture

  7. Bonus Picture

  8. Healthy Foods Availability Index (HFAI) of two supermarkets

  9. Availability of Healthy Foods in the Baltimore MESA participants • 749 men and women, free of CVD, 45 – 84 years • 159 Baltimore census tracts • For each participant we built 3 complementary measures of availability: • Neighborhood = mean stores HFAI in CT • Closest Store = HFAI closest store • Availability in 1 mile radius

  10. Dietary Patterns and BMI • “Fats and processed meats” pattern: high consumption of “fats and oils,” “high-fat and processed meats,” “fried potatoes” • “Whole grains and fruit” pattern: high consumption of whole-grain bread, fruit and low fat milk • Weight and height measured using valid tools and following a standard protocol. (BMI) = Kg/m2

  11. Availability of healthy foods and neighborhoods’ racial composition 159 contiguous census tracts and the 226 food stores located within them

  12. Availability of healthy foods in Baltimore neighborhoods by racial compositions **P<0.001, compared to predominantly white neighborhoods

  13. Means and 95 % CI of dietary patterns by availability of healthy foods assessments Dietary patterns scores ** P for trend < 0.05

  14. Availability of healthy foods and BMI

  15. Policy Implications and following steps • Support existing stores in inner city neighborhoods • Encourage the distribution of locally farmed fruits and vegetables to improve the HFAI in Baltimore stores • Collaboration with Baltimore City Health Department and Urban Planning Department • 2009 CLF Report: Food Environment in Baltimore • First city to have a full map of food stores (Data collection currently ongoing)

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