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Emancipation of Slaves: Gradual or Immediate?

Gradual freeing children as born or at adulthood freeing old people as they stop work permitting people to ‘buy’ their freedom freeing slaves when master dies. Immediate political emancipation: Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 slave rebellion or revolution.

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Emancipation of Slaves: Gradual or Immediate?

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  1. Gradual freeing children as born or at adulthood freeing old people as they stop work permitting people to ‘buy’ their freedom freeing slaves when master dies Immediate political emancipation: Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 slave rebellion or revolution Emancipation of Slaves: Gradual or Immediate?

  2. Compensation? To slaveowners for loss of property? To slaves for historical oppression? “Forty Acres and a Mule” Political Emancipation: “Nothing but Freedom” Freedmen’s Bureau Wartime Amendments: 13th Amendment ends slavery 14th provides citizenship, due process and equal protection of the law 15th provides right to vote Reconstructing the Labor System

  3. Women’s Emancipation • Property Rights: to own property, work • Political Rights: vote, hold office, serve on juries, participate in political activity • Reproductive Rights: birth control • Social & Cultural Rights: to travel, speak in public, dress, attend cultural or educational institutions…

  4. Women’s Emancipation • Right to own property: Married Women’s Property Acts (1850s on); Married Women’s Earnings Laws (1870s on) • Right to Education: Women’s Colleges, and Coeducational Higher Education (1850s - on) • Divorce and Custody Laws changed to give women custody of children (late 19th century) • Reproductive rights: voluntary motherhood (ca. 1880s) ; birth control (ca 1920); planned parenthood (ca 1950s); reproductive rights (1970s+) • Right to Vote: 19th Amendment: 1920

  5. Separate but Equal…(Plessy v. Ferguson) segregated jobs, schools, public accommodations “white” primary “grandfather” clauses, poll taxes Separate Spheres… Separate education: e.g., home economics Protective legislation Separate economic roles which mesh with ‘home responsibilities’ But between 1890s and 1960s for the Freed Population and Women

  6. Civil Rights Revolution • First the courts: Brown v. Board of Education (1954); Roe v. Wade (1973) • Equal Pay Act of 1963 • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Housing Act of 1968 • Title IX of education amendments of 1972

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