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THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE . OUTLINE. To show the direct relationship between engine emissions and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere---- and global warming. To relate the science to the society To provide courses of action. The Planet. The Engine. REGULAR BREATHING.

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THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

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  1. THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

  2. OUTLINE • To show the direct relationship between engine emissions and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere---- and global warming. • To relate the science to the society • To provide courses of action.

  3. The Planet The Engine

  4. REGULAR BREATHING Happy Planet ! CO2 Level winter winter summer summer Season

  5. The real planet we live on

  6. GASOLINE OR COAL OR NATURAL GAS ALWAYS PRODUCES CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER WHEN BURNED IN AIR Other products too in very small amounts.What are they?

  7. Burning hydrocarbon fuels MUSTproduce carbon dioxide and water

  8. Thus, 1 gallon of gasoline produces 18 lbs of carbon dioxideRULE OF THUMB: 1 MILE~ 1 POUND OF CO2.It stays in the atmosphere for about 100years.

  9. 800 MILLION VEHICLES IN THE WORLD BURN 2 GALLONS EACH PER DAYThat is about 5 billion tons (5,000,000,000,000 Kg) of carbon dioxide per year into the atmosphere!!

  10. Our Atmosphere is very Thin

  11. The Atmosphere • The atmosphere of the earth is mainly Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) by volume. • Carbon dioxide (a green house gas) is only around 0.038%.

  12. Mass of the Atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons

  13. The vehicles added 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year.The mass of the atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons

  14. i.e. one part of Carbon Dioxide per million parts of atmospheric mass per year. (in volume units it is nearly 0.7 ppmv/yr) This is for vehicles only (add power plants etc. and it comes to around 2 ppmv/yr)

  15. CO2 YEAR

  16. Greenhouse

  17. IPCC 2007

  18. To understand the what is happening we need: Observation Theory Experiment Computation

  19. UNDERSTANDING CLOUD FORMATION

  20. Artists provide insight too Studies of these and other paintings show that cloud cover was greater in the 19th century than it it is today

  21. Zellman Warhaft: GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE

  22. temperature Carbon dioxide Easy to understand Much harder to understand

  23. Kilimanjaro

  24. floods….

  25. ……and famine

  26. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX VS. ENERGY USE From A Pasternack LLNL Rep. No. UCLR-ID 140773 (Oct. 2000)

  27. INDIA CO2 EMISSIONS Carbon dioxide Information center CDIAC.ORNL.GOV

  28. INDIA CO2/capita

  29. US CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  30. US CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  31. Carbon emissions are related to: • Population (N) • amount of carbon to make a unit of energy (C/E) • energy usage per unit of GDP (E/GDP) • GDP/capita (GDP/N)

  32. Kaya Identity N = population GDP = Gross Domestic Product E = energy usage C=carbon into the atmosphere

  33. Projections for Kaya Population(N) GDP/N E/GDP Hoffert et al “Nature” V.395 29 Oct. 1998 C/E

  34. CO2 and global warming are due to:Population increase(demography, geography,economics,sociology,psychology,history….)Increase in standard of living(development,sociology,economics,business,engineering,government………… )The amount of carbon we use to produce the energy(engineering, chemistry,physics,materials science…….)The energy usage per unit of GDP(business, economics,engineering,operations research……..)

  35. ACTION 1.Internalization 2.Education/Research 3.Outreach 4.Involvement with policy 5. Examine Tradition

  36. temperature Carbon dioxide Easy to understand Much harder to understand

  37. The Planet The Engine

  38. China CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  39. China CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  40. Italy CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  41. Italy CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  42. France CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  43. France CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

  44. 1990 5.9 billion tons of C added. • 2006 6.3 billion tons of C added. • To cut to 2 billion tons (the 1955 value) by 2100 with the anticipated rate of GDP/capita and power /GDP decline the carbon/power will have to be 10% of today’s value.

  45. REGULAR BREATHING Happy Planet ! CO2 Level winter winter summer summer summer Season

  46. THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

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