HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & ROLE OF REGULATOR YUNUS TAI ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER GUJARAT POLLUTION CONT

1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & ROLE OF REGULATOR YUNUS TAI ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER GUJARAT POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND • Case of “RAYLAND FLETCHER” • Judgment by BRITISH COURT known as “PRINCIPLE OF RESTRICTED LIABILITY” • If any disaster occurs, PERSON will be responsible except • ACT OF GOD (Natural Disaster) • NOT DUE TO NEGLIGENCE • IF NEIGHBOUR AGREE • Case of BHOPAL GAS LEAK (1984) • Judgment by Hon’ble Supreme Court by Chief Justice Shri.P.N.Bhagwati • “PRINCIPLE OF ABSOLUTE LIABILITY” • Leads to enactment of EPA and Public Liability Insurance Act

3. DEFINATIONS • Hazard: Something that has the potential to cause human injury, ill health and/or damage to property (machinery and equipment) or to the environment. • Risk: The probability (likelihood) of harm or damage occurring from exposure to a hazard, and the likely consequences of that harm or damage

4. HAZARD MANAGEMENT PROCESS • Identify the hazards • Assess the risks • Evaluate risks • Control the risks • Monitor and Review

5. IDENTIFYING HAZARDS • Safety Hazards • Health Hazards • Environment Hazards To identify hazards, we need to understands that hazards can be • Obvious • Hidden or • Developing

6. ASSESS THE RISK • WHAT IS RISK???? • Injury • Illness • Damage • Productivity Loss

7. FACTORS • Likelihood - What is the probability of it happening? • Degree of Exposure - How often would I be exposed? • Consequence - If it occurs, what will happen?

8. RISK LEVEL • Likelihood x Consequence (Severity) • Hazards can be ranked with a high to low risk

9. LIKELYHOOD & EXPOSURE • What is the likelihood of the hazard leading to an incident and possibly injury/damage? Degree of Exposure • How long? • How often? are you or others exposed to the hazardous situation ?

10. WHAT TO CONSIDER? • the number of times tasks are undertaken which could result in an incident; • the number of people performing the task(s); and • the likelihood of the incident occurring while the task is being performed

11. TYPES OF HAZARD • FLOODS • CYCLONE • DRAUGHT • EARTHQUAKE • SEA LEVEL RISE • CHEMICAL SPILLAGE/LEAKAGE • OIL SPILL • INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

12. RISK ASSESMENT METHEDOLOGY • Vulnerability Assessment • Institutional Appraisal • Establishment of Risk Exposure • Possible Mitigative Measures • Information Dissemination thro’ Networking/Right To Information Act

13. ROLE OF REGULATOR • SYSTEMATIC APPROACH Formal System v/s Informal System Technology v/s Human Attitude • SHE (Safety, Health and Environment) • On Site/Off Site Emergency Plan • Documentation and Verification

14. CASE STUDY:FIRE INCIDENT AT COMMON HAZ WASTE INCINERATOR FACILITY • Fire took place at waste storage area (shed:7) at 18.10 hrs. on April,3rd 2008 • Message received by Authorities at 18.30 hrs • First Firetender reached at 18.30 hrs • GPCB with Toxicity monitoring team reached at 19.15 hrs • DPMC/GNFC/ONGC/IPCL/GSFC requested for assistance • 39 Firetender reached at site • Foam/DCP powder used for extinguishing • Fire brought under control at 21.00 hrs • Fire totally extinguished at 5.30 hrs on morning

15. ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN • Drains blocked to contain contaminated hydrant water • 1380 KL contaminated hydrant water sent to CETP for treatment • 211 MT of waste collected from shed:7 and incinerated • Contaminated water (aqueous waste) @ 99 MT collected from collection pit/drains and incinerated • District Collector directed DHO for continuous monitoring for health check up of people of surrounding village • GPCB/AEPS/BEIL team monitored site & surrounding areas/villages downwind collecting water/soil samples • Continuous ambient air monitoring in villages/area downwind

16. CAUSE OF INCIDENT • Pyropheric reaction that may have occurred due to presence of Iron Sulfide either present in waste/or produced on account of chemical reaction in steel drum containing sulfide • Some reactive, unstable and Pyropheric wastes may get auto ignited on contact with Oxygen • Excess storage of incinerable waste without considering compatibility of waste stored • In sufficient space for removal of leaked drums • Insufficient fire hydrant system

17. ACTION TAKEN • Directions under Water Act-1974, Air Act-1981 ad EPA-1986 issued by GPCB • Prosecution in the Court of Law under EPA-1986 • Direction of Closure issued by CPCB • CPCB constituted a committee to develop guideline for “limiting storage time for storage of incinerable waste in common facility” • Guideline developed and put up on CPCB website

18. LESSON LEARNT • Safety study carried out by External Expert Agency • New fire hydrant line covering all storage sheds put up • Construction of peripheral road around storage shades • Construction of additional three storage sheds and reconstruction of storage shed:7 after clean up • All storage sheds provided with smoke & heat detector system linked with peripheral water sprinkling system • Re arrangement of waste stored based on its compatibility • Alternative arrangement for incineration of waste at other common facilities at Baroda/Surat/Vapi • Local Crisis Group (LCG) for off-site mock drill • Approached NEERI to carry out study on “Post Impact of accident on Environment, Health & Property covering Safety Aspects”

19. Thank You