Topic: Respiratory System Aim : Describe the parts & functions of the Respiratory System.

1. Topic: Respiratory System Aim: Describe the parts & functions of the Respiratory System. Do Now: • Take out your respiratory system reading notes. • Tape your Blood Vesselscheck and the Excretory System ISA into the ISA section of your notebook. HW: Excretory System ISA Castle Learning Digestive and Circulatory Systems due Tuesday, February 23rd.

3. Aorta F Left atrium C Right atrium A E Valve D Left ventricle Right ventricle B

4. When you sneeze, secretions of the nose are being expelled as more than 6,000droplets up to 10 feet at very high speeds (40 m/hr). • The blast of air being released during a cough comes out speeds greater than 100 miles per hour.

5. Define inspiration and expiration. • During INSPIRATION (INHALATION) you breathe air IN. • During EXSPIRATION (EXHALATION) you breathe air OUT.

6. 2. Identify the structure air first enters when you inhale. • Nasal cavity

7. When colds transition into a sinus infection (sinusitis), you get to keep all of the symptoms you were already enduring, then toss some new ones into the mix. That headache is only going to get worse, but now you will experience a sense of pressure behind your eyes and a sense of dizziness when you move around. Your fever will kick it up a notch, and your sinuses will begin to generate thick, yellow-green mucus. This will lead to postnasal drip, which will further aggravate your sore throat.

8. 3. Identify the structure after the nasal cavity that is also known as the THROAT? • Pharynx

9. 4. Identify the structure also known as the voice box. • Larynx

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_ZGqn1tZn8

12. 5. Identify the structure also known as the windpipe. • Trachea

13. 6. Identify the structures that hold the trachea up. • Rings of cartilage

14. Where is the epiglottis located?

16. 7. Identify what is found inside the nasal cavity and the trachea and the function of this structure. Cilia and Mucus (ciliated mucus membrane)

18. Mucus traps dust, pollen, etc…

19. Cilia sweeps mucus and trapped material to back of nose

20. Ciliated mucous membrane

22. A sneeze is a reflex started by tickling or irritation of the nerve endings inside of your nose. The sneezing reflex is useful in blowing out of your nose any dust particles causing irritation. It is an involuntary, sudden, violent, audible expulsion of air through the nose and mouth.

23. 8. Identify the two structures that branch (or divide) off the trachea. • 2 bronchi Identify the singular term for bronchi.

25. 9. Identify the smaller tubes that branch off (divide off) of the bronchi. • Bronchioles

26. 10. Identify the structures at the end of the bronchioles. • Alveoli

27. Identify the singular term for alveoli.

28. 11. Describe the structure of the alveoli. • Alveoli are small CLUSTERSofMICROSCOPICsacs • Surrounded by CAPILLARIES

30. 12. Describe how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. • OXYGENis transferred from the alveoli into the bloodstream. • CARBON DIOXIDE moves out of the blood stream and back into the alveoli.

31. 13. Identify the process that transfers O2 from the to the blood and CO2 from the blood back to the alveoli. • DIFFUSION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg

32. 14. Identify the sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. • Diaphragm

34. 15. Describe how the diaphragm causes INHALATION. • The diaphragm CONTRACTS(or tightens) to INCREASE room in the chest cavity and draw OXYGENinto the lungs.

35. 15. Describe how the diaphragm causes EXHALATION. • The diaphragm RELAXESto DECREASE room in the chest cavity and push CARBON DIOXIDEout of the lungs.

37. 17. Identify the correct sequence (ORDER) of structures that air passes through during inhalation starting with the nasal cavity and ending with the alveoli. • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli

39. Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Let’s summarize: 1. Identify the first structure air enters when you inhale. 2. Identify the structure known as the throat 3. Identify the structure that produces sound. 4. Identify the structure also known as the windpipe? 5. Which structures are lined with cilia and mucus? 6. Identify the 2 structures that branch off the trachea? 7. Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with cartilage? 8. Identify the structures that branch off of the bronchi. 9. In which structures does gas exchange occur? 10. What are alveoli surrounded by? 11. Which gas diffuses into the capillaries? 12. Which gases diffuse out of the capillaries? 8. Identify the sheet of muscle that enables breathing. Trachea Nasal cavity and trachea Bronchi Support Bronchioles Alveoli Capillaries Oxygen CO2 and H2O Diaphragm

40. Gas exchange Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Let’s summarize: 1. Explain the function of the respiratory system. 2.List the structures air passes through when you inhale. 3. Identify the structures that are lined with a ciliated mucous membrane. 4. Identify the structure known as the throat. 5. Identify the structure that produces sound. 6. Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with cartilage? 7. Where does gas exchange occur? 8. Identify the sheet of muscle that enables breathing. 9. Which gas regulates breathing rate? Nasal cavity and trachea Pharynx Larynx Support Alveoli Diaphragm Carbon dioxide

41. Which gas regulates or controls your breathing rate? CO2

42. Medulla Oblongata

43. Nasal cavity A Pharynx D Nostrils B C Oral cavity Trachea E Bronchus F G Bronchiole H Alveoli I Diaphragm

44. A C B

46. Salivary glands Esophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Gall bladder Large intestine Small intestine Appendix

47. Espohagus Liver Stomach Gall bladder Pancreas Small intestine

48. What structures trap foreign particles and bacteria in the nose and trachea? • pharynx        • epiglottis      • cilia        • trachea

49. The order of air movement with in the lungs is best described as bronchioles to bronchi to alveoli       bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli trachea to bronchi to alveoli        bronchi to alveoli to bronchioles

50. Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called • arterioles          • venules        • capillaries           • bronchioles