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Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems

Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems. Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN. Lower GI tract The Large intestine consists of: ____________ ____________ ____________ Sigmoid Colon Rectum & Anus. The GI tract.

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Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems

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  1. EliminationThe Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN

  2. Lower GI tract • The Large intestine consists of: • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • Sigmoid Colon • Rectum & Anus The GI tract

  3. Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place?_____________________ Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?_____________________ Is the GI tract sterile?_____________ Where is the peritoneum?_________ Is the peritoneal area sterile?_______ Questions

  4. Surgery that involves the bowel is considered “unclean” because the bowel contents and flora contain a large amount of bacteria, that if spread to the peritoneum cause peritonitis. How would a patient develop peritonitis if they have abdominal surgery – that does not involve the bowel? (like a C-section) Fun Facts!

  5. Feces/fecal matter/bowel movement /stool– what are some other terms patients may use? “Normal stool” is soft, firm, brown and formed Abnormal consistency: diarrhea, constipated (hard, rock-like), flakey, fulminant, frothy, liquid “Abnormal” colors: white, yellow, green, red, black, clay-colored, chalk-colored All about Poop

  6. 6 problems with intestinal elimination

  7. Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra The GU Tract

  8. Nephron – the functional unit of the kidney Glomeruli- filters wastes; absorption, resorption and reabsorption of fluids & electrolytes = initial production of urine Loop of Henle – tubular system in the glomeruli (descending & ascending) that transport the urine, it starts as H2O and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop The Complicated & Convoluted Kidney

  9. What is the difference between the male and female urethra?________________________ • What does UTI stand for?________________ • Is a UTI in a male or female considered an emergency and very serious? _________ Why?_____________________________ • Is the Urinary Tract sterile?____________ • Is urinary function usually decreased as a result of the loss of one kidney?_________ Questions

  10. Define Pyelonephritis __________________ Can upper urinary tract infections be considered life-threatening?_____________ Are lower UTI’s more common in men or women?_____________________ How are they treated?______________ What are some drug classifications used to treat UTI’s?___________ More Questions…….

  11. Urine/Making water/ pee pee/ wee wee – can you think of any other names? “Normal” appearance – clear and light yellow in color “Abnormal” findings - blood, sediment, mucus or calculi (stones), brown color, foul smelling, sluggish (thick) All about Pee

  12. What can dark colored urine indicate?_____________ What if urine is bloody/red colored?_______ Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention? ____Why?__________________ Questions

  13. 7 problems with urinary elimination

  14. Sex • Age & Developmental Level • Individual Preferences and patterns (dietary habits) • Physical condition • Cultural, spiritual and/or religious factors • Socioeconomic factors • Environmental factors • Psychological factors Factors that affect Gi and GU Elimination

  15. Turn to page 33 in your workbook Baby poop – and pee pee

  16. Turn to page 34 Children elimination

  17. Turn to page 34 and 35 Adult elimination

  18. How do the various stages of life affect elimination?_________________________ What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination?_________________________ What affect does physical condition have on intestinal elimination?__________________ What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination?__________________________ Factors affection elimination

  19. Implications…… page 35-39

  20. Nursing Assessment of the GI system

  21. Nursing assessment of the gu system

  22. Problem What to do • Constipation • Diarrhea • Fecal impaction • Flatulence • Incontinence • Helminths Problems, problems, problems

  23. Problem What to do • Frequency • Nocturia • Urgency • Dysuria • Enuresis • Incontinence • Retention • Polyuria Problems, problems, problems

  24. Disease/condition Cause and treatment • UTI – • BPH – • Incontinence – • Functional • Overflow • Reflex • Total • Retention – • Urinary suppression - Diseases/conditions of the urinary tract

  25. Diseases/condition of the GI tract

  26. Nursing promotion of gi & gu elimination pg 45

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