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DEACCESSIONING

DEACCESSIONING. By Kari Atkinson Sara Berkovec Miao Han Kari O’Mara. Definition. Deaccessioning is the formal change in the recorded status of a museum object. Image taken from http://www.aam-us.org/pubs/mn/deaccession.cfm. Why Deaccession?.

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DEACCESSIONING

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  1. DEACCESSIONING By Kari Atkinson Sara Berkovec Miao Han Kari O’Mara

  2. Definition • Deaccessioning is the formal change in the recorded status of a museum object. Image taken from http://www.aam-us.org/pubs/mn/deaccession.cfm

  3. Why Deaccession? • The object is not within the scope or mission of the institution • The object is beyond the capability of the institution to maintain • The object is not useful for research, exhibition, or educational programs in the foreseeable future • There are duplicates of the object in the collection • The object is a poor, less important, incomplete, or unauthentic example • The object is composed of physically deteriorated and/or hazardous material

  4. Why Deaccession Cont. • The object was originally acquired illegally or unethically • The object is subject to a legislative mandate, such as repatriation • The object is subject to contractual donor restrictions that the institution is no longer able to meet • The object is found to be part of a set that belongs to another institution, or is more appropriate to the collection of another institution • In the case of living collections, the death of a specimen

  5. Methods of Disposal • Return to donor • Donation to another institution for educational purposes • Exchange between institutions • Transfer into an educational or research program • Repatriation • Selling (public auction or private sale) • Physical destruction

  6. Returns Returning objects to their donors is not usually the best option for an institution, except repatriation This option should only be used rarely, and should be carefully discussed with legal counsel

  7. Trading Exchange Transfer/Donation

  8. Advantages • Prevents and/or relieves overcrowding of storage areas • Provides the public with access to the items • Meets the requirements of donor agreements • Provides an opportunity for whole collection assessment

  9. Exchange • Reasons: • Replace an object not within the institution’s scope or mission for one that is • Exchange a duplicate item for an item unique to the collection • Exchanged objects should be of relatively equal value • All exchanges, especially those with private parties, needs to be justified • Requires excellent documentation • Requires a good independent appraisal

  10. Transfer/Donation • Reasons: • The object legally belongs to another institution • The object can be better cared for by another institution • The object must be removed from the institution’s collection • Objects removed from a collection can be donated to educational and/or research programs • These objects might be subject to deterioration and destruction due to use Odalisque by Henri Matisse 1928. Image taken from http://aamdobjectregistry.org/node/51

  11. Selling Private Sale Public Auction

  12. Private Sale • Not a standard method of disposal • Used when a public auction is not possible or practical • Generally done through consignment • Institution must be prepared to honestly answer outside inquiries

  13. Public Auction • Common method of disposal • Used when the institution needs to generate funds • Subjected to close public scrutiny Image taken from http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2008/11/02-week/

  14. Preparation for sale • Auction house selection • Research multiple auction houses • Some considerations • Cost • Marketing strategies • Reputation • Sale location • Record keeping and provenance • Needs to be up-to-date and accurate Image taken from http://www.supremefiction.com/theidea/art/page/2/

  15. Preparation for sale Continued • Contracts • Should include • Publicity • Price reserves • Insurance • Unsold items • Physical care • Care and handling of materials • Handled by the Registrar • Escort/handler • Inspection of facility and security Image taken from http://artshippingboxes.org/art-shipping-materials

  16. Post-Sale • May include publication of the sales results • Reiterate how the proceeds will be used • All unsold items are dealt with per contract terms Image taken from http://www.artworldsalon.com/blog/category/art-politics/page/2/

  17. Ethics • Generally refer to the use of the proceeds • Most common are: • Prohibition of sale or transfer of items to museum staff, trustees, and/or relatives • Proceeds are used for new acquisitions and/or direct care of the collection only • Proceeds may not be used for institutional operations/facility maintenance

  18. Destruction Educational and Research Programs Physical Destruction

  19. Educational and Research Programs • Uses • Scientific study • School programs • Hands-on demonstrations • Exhibition props • Conversational testing Image taken from http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/conservation/book/

  20. Physical Destruction • Reasons • Deterioration • Hazardous • Unauthorized or Counterfeit Image taken from http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2654/3860087356_bbcbf412fb.jpg

  21. Hazardous Materials • Ethylene Oxide • Arsenic • Dichlorvos (Vapona) • Tobacco • Camphor • Strychnine • Mercuric Chloride • Naphthalene • Paradichlorobenzene (PDB) • Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) • Methyl Bromide and Cyanide • Sybarizing (Siburizing) • Potassium Cyanide

  22. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) http://www.zooborns.com/zooborns/2009/04/korean-zoo-is-bursting-with-babies.html

  23. The National Zoo • Dealing with aging animals • Euthanize • Necropsy Image taken from http://www.flickr.com/photos/tolfa/126539892/sizes/m/in/photostream/

  24. References American Association of Museums. The New Museum Registration Methods. Ed. Rebecca. A. Buck, and Jean Allman Gilmore. Washington: American Association of Museums, 1998. Print. Deaccession and Disposition of Museum Objects and Collections Procedure Criteria (Appendix A). Alberta, 28 Mar. 2008. Web. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://www.conman.ualberta.ca/stellent/groups/public/@academic/do cuments/procedure/pp_cmp_064185.hcsp>. "Hazardous Materials In Your Collection." Conserve O Gram 2/10 (Aug. 1998). National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. Museum Objects and Collections Acquisition Procedure. Alberta, 28 Mar. 2008. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://www.conman.ualberta.ca/stellent/groups/public/@academic/do cuments/procedure/pp_cmp_064171.hcsp>. Range, Daniel. “Deaccessioning and Its Costs in the Holocaust Art Context: The United States and Great Britian.” Texas International Law Journal 39.4 (2004) : 655-673. Print. Return of Cultural Property and Repatriation of Museum Objects Procedure. Alberta, 16 July. 2009. Web. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://www.conman.ualberta.ca/stellent/groups/public/@academic/do cuments/procedure/pp_cmp_064173.hcsp>. "The Accreditation Standards and Related Policies." Association of Zoo and Aquariums. 2011. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.

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