Themes and Issues in WRG

1. Themes and Issues in WRG • Finish Globalization • What is Geography? • Themes and Issues in World Regional Geography For Next Class: Read McKnight & Hess 2005 (pp. , 30-41), available on AsUlearn under the assigned readings link

2. 2014 Peru Summer Study Abroad: Andean Societies and Environments July 15 to July 31, 2014 GHY 4530/5530: Andean Mountain Geography (3 hrs) GHY 4531/5531: Climate and Tropical Glaciers (3 hrs) This 17-day intensive program introduces students to AndeanMountain Geography and Climate and Tropical Glaciers through direct field experience and research activities, readings, discussions, and meetings with guest speakers. Field excursions to Machu Picchu and other locations in the Sacred Valley and an 8-day trek in the Cordillera Vilcanota (with strenuous ascents to over 17,000 ft) will provide an outstanding setting for the study of Andean human-environment interactions and the impacts of climate variability and change on tropical glaciers, ecosystems, and human populations. Program Leaders: Dr. Baker Perry, Mrs. Patience Perry, and Dr. Anton Seimon Interested? Contact Dr. Perry (perrylb@appstate.edu) to apply or for more information.

3. 24 Hour Global Air Traffic

4. Homework Exercise • What are the arguments of the pro-Globalizers? • How do the critics of globalization respond? • What is your position?

5. Advocates of Globalization

6. Advocates of Globalization • Enhances competition, allows capital to flow to poor areas, and encourages technological innovation • Promotes efficiency and enhances national productivity • Economic convergence – world’s poorer countries will eventually catch up • Rising tide lifts all boats • Even sweatshops are a good thing – provide jobs to those who otherwise would not

7. Critics of Globalization

8. Critics of Globalization • Globalization is not a “natural” process (result of the Washington Consensus and neoliberal economic policies) • Inequality continues to increase; trickle-down theory has yet to be validated • Richest 20% consume 86% of global resources • Local, sustainable economies suffer as a result of the focus on free-market, export-oriented economies • Free-market economic model is not the one that Western countries used for their own economic development

9. Dhaka, Bangladesh

13. A Middle Position? • Globalization of anti-globalization • Importance of managing globalization • Strong, yet efficient governments • Dani Rodrik (p. 10): • “The world market is a source of disruption and upheaval as much as it is an opportunity for profit and economic growth.”

14. What the World Eats http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1626519_1373664,00.html http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1645016,00.html

15. What is Geography? • Study of spatialpatterns and processes and human-environment interactions • Five fundamental themes: • Location • Movement • Place: cultural landscape • Scales: global to local • Human-environment interaction

16. Setting the Boundaries – World Regions Figure 1.20

17. Themes and Issues in WRG • Setting the Boundaries • Physical (or Environmental) Geography • Population and Settlement • Cultural Coherence and Diversity • Geopolitical Framework • Economic and Social Development

18. Key Terms See p. 44 and be very familiar with the definitions and broader significance of these terms e.g., colonialism, demographic transition model, nation-state, purchasing power parity (PPP), total fertility rate (TFR)

19. Population and Settlement Figure 1.22 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

20. Population Growth and Change

21. Age–Sex Structure of Populations Figure 1.24

22. Group Exercise: Demographic Transition Model What is the Demographic Transition Model and how does it help us to understand the past and current demographic trends in the developed and developing world?

23. The Demographic Transition

24. The Demographic Transition Figure 1.25

25. Population Movements • Migration • Voluntary • Forced (e.g., Refugees like those pictured in Figure 1.27 at right) • Push vs. Pull Factors Southern Sudan Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

26. Global Cities in the 21st Century Figure 1.28

27. Language … Dubai, UAE Figure 1.36 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff Figure 1.37

28. … and Religion Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff Figure 1.38

29. Geopolitical Framework Nations vs. States Ethnic Separatism – Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces Figure 1.43 Basques in Spain Figure 1.42 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

30. The Colonial Imprint Figure 1.44 Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

31. Wealth and Poverty 2009 Global Recession Figure 1.45 Figure 1.44 Impoverished Brick Workers in India

32. Development: Economic and Social

33. Economic Development Figure 1.48 Figure 1.49

34. Social Development – Health and Education Figure 1.50 Receiving a polio vaccine in Jakarta Women and Literacy Figure 1.51