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Science and induction

Science and induction. General induction (*** preferred ***) Hypothesis based on many pieces of information (evidence, exemplars, premises) E.g., a scientific theory about a lot of different experimental results Specific induction Hypothesis based on only one piece of evidence

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Science and induction

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  1. Science and induction • General induction (*** preferred ***) • Hypothesis based on many pieces of information (evidence, exemplars, premises) • E.g., a scientific theory about a lot of different experimental results • Specific induction • Hypothesis based on only one piece of evidence • E.g., scientist creates a new theory after doing one experiment

  2. Other types of induction • Explanatory induction (*** preferred ***) (aka, Abduction) • Hypothesis seeks to explain evidence • E.g., scientific theory explains in detail how certain concepts relate to each other • Descriptive induction • Hypothesis describes the evidence • E.g., scientific theory describes a pattern or label of what’s going on

  3. Theories of Health Behavior • Health Belief Model (HBM) • Your knowledge of a particular area of health determines your behavior • Rosenstock, 1974 • Your behavior is based on • 1) perceived threat of getting a particular disease • 2) perceived effectiveness of taking actions to avoid the disease

  4. More theories of health behavior • Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) • Azjen & Fishbein, 1980 • Healthy behavior based on your intentions • i.e., if you intend to be healthy, you will be healthy • Officially called “behavioral intention” • 1) attitudes toward healthy activities • 2) the people around you (social norms)

  5. More theories of health behavior • Social Cognitive Theory • Bandura, 1977 • People do what is rewarding; they don’t do what is punishing • Based on whether you believe an action is rewarding or punishing • Based on personal experiences • Or, based on other people’s experiences (“vicarious learning”)

  6. More on social cognitive theory • Social Cognitive Theory (continued) • Self-efficacy  you have to believe that you can accomplish a goal • Determines whether you engage in a healthy behavior

  7. More theories of health behavior • Transtheoretical model (TTM) • Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984 • All individuals divided into different groups based on their health behavior • Series of stages of health behavior from worst to best

  8. More on transtheoretical model • Stages of Change: • Precontemplation: don’t think about or care about your health • Contemplation: first start thinking about your health • Preparation: start making a plan for your health • Action: start carrying out the plan • Maintenance: keep up the healthy behavior over time (6 mos. Or longer)

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