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Introduction to UNIX and LINUX: A Comprehensive Overview

Welcome to CIS 52! Learn the history, components, and capabilities of UNIX and LINUX systems, including their presence at Solano Community College and the development of the LINUX operating system. Dive into the evolution of UNIX, its key features, and the convergence of different UNIX variants. Discover the significance of standards like POSIX and explore the open-source nature of LINUX, its benefits, and practical applications. Uncover how LINUX differs from traditional UNIX systems and its role in the modern computing landscape.

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Introduction to UNIX and LINUX: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Welcome to CIS 52 WELCOME WELCOME WELCOME W E L C O M E

  2. Introductions are in order • Your name • Something about yourself • Why are you taking this class? • What are your expectations?

  3. Topics • Introduction and History of UNIX • UNIX: LINUX Components • LINUX at Solano Community College • LINUX is NOT DOS

  4. Topics • Introduction and History of UNIX • UNIX: LINUXComponents • LINUX at Solano Community College • LINUX is NOT DOS

  5. The Heritage of UNIX: LINUX • What was needed: • A system that could do more than one thing at a time. A multitasking system. • A system that could handle one or more users at a time. A multiuser system. • A system that could share selected data with others.

  6. The Heritage of UNIX: LINUX • Bell Lab & MIT work on MULTICS (60’s) • Bell Labs pull out of project (late 60’s) • Ken Thompson with Bell Labs starts work on UNIX using a PDP-7 from DEC. • Written in Assembler

  7. The History of UNIX • History (continued) • Second Version written in ‘B’ • 3 advantages: • Multiuser • Direct user to user communication • Data and program sharing • Rewritten with Dennis Ritchie using ‘C’ language in 1973

  8. UNIX Turning Point • UNIX becomes widely available in 1975 • Given to Colleges, including UC Berkeley • AT&T develops one branch of the UNIX family • System III is first supported release in 1982 • System V in the 90’s • UC Berkeley comes out with BSD • BSD 4

  9. ATT Version Sun’s Solaris 2.x UNIXware (now part of SCO) IRIX (Silicon Graphics) HP-UX BSD Sunos 4.x BSDi Mach (Nextstep is also an extension of Mach) Ultrix (from DEC) One Idea: Two Paths

  10. Convergence AT&T V5R4 • Most Commercial Systems are blending UNIX capabilities into a System V R4 ‘AT&T variant’ with BSD ideas and tools mixed in. • System Administration are generally Vendor Specific • LINUX is now the most famous version, and it is free.

  11. The Search for Standards • POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface Definition) • Defined by IEEE • Provides a baseline of compatibility for UNIX variants • Sited by large customers in procurements • SVID (System V Interface Definition) • Defined by ATT (UNIX System Labs)

  12. And yet More Standards • OSF (Open Software Foundation) • Chartered to define a UNIX like system independent of AT&T and SVID • OSF/1 shipped in 1990 based on Carnegie Mellons Mach Operating System • upwardly compatible with POSIX • XOPEN (International Consortium of UNIX vendors). Publishes Portability Guides

  13. Introduction to UNIX using LINUX • LINUX: A Product of the INTERNET • Developed by Linus Torvalds • Open Source and free distribution • UNIX work-alike

  14. Open System Architecture • Source code immediately available via the INTERNET • Enhancements and extensions from all over the world. • Incorporates features from UNIX BSD & System V • Free, FREE, FREE (Hooray)

  15. Sir LINUX the humorous • Unlike its sibling UNIX with LINUX humor abounds • In LINUX  less is more • Standard Text editor vi (for visual mode) is now vim (vi plus more) • joe – joe’s own editor(written by Joseph Allen)

  16. What’s sooo good about LINUX? • Large selection of applications • Rapid support for peripheral devices • Multi-platform operating environments • Code is free for modification and distribution

  17. It’s soooo Good • Two trends: • Advances in hardware tecnology • Faster, Cheaper • Demise of Proprietary systems • because of rapidly changing hardware • LINUX is generic but UNIX is not • LINUX supports both user and server functions in one operating system.

  18. Topics • The History of UNIX : LINUX • UNIX: LINUX Components • LINUX at Solano Community College • LINUX is NOT DOS

  19. Capabilities Overview • UNIX: LINUX as an Operating System • UNIX: LINUX as a programming and user tool • System Features

  20. LINUX as an Operating System • Like Any Operating System LINUX provides: • A File System • Process Control • Memory Management • Device Control

  21. LINUX as an Operating System

  22. LINUX As a Tool • User Interface (‘The Shell’) • Bourne • Korn (David Korn of AT&T) • C (Bill Joy at UCB) • bash ( Bourne again Shell) • and 4 zillion more • A Collection Of Utility Programs • A Philosophy of Programming

  23. System Features • Multi User • Many users can be logged in simultaneously • Multi Tasking • Many tasks can be executing simultaneously • User Selectable Command Languages • Many “Shells” available • Hierarchical File System

  24. /home /tmp /bin /Alice /Bobby /Carol System Features (cont.) • Hierarchical File System / (aka root)

  25. System Features (cont.) • Compatible File, Device and Interprocess I/O • Large Software Base • Highly Portable Kernel and Utilities

  26. System Features (cont.) • GUI’s (Graphical User Interfaces) • X-Windows • Gnome • KDE • Networking Utilities • E-mail • Remote Access • Compatibility Utilities • dosemu, wine

  27. Topics • The History of LINUX • LINUX Components • LINUX at Solano Community College • LINUX is NOT DOS

  28. LINUX at Solano College • Linux on one main server • Windows based Telnet and FTP • School computers on Ethernet • primarily for Windows 2000 LAN • Can be used to access LINUX box using TCP/IP protocol which runs on ethernet

  29. Lab Procedures • Use Accounting computer to ‘clock in’ to the lab. (clock out when you leave) • Log on to Lan Win 7 workstation using default userid (CIS). No password. • Click on TELNET ICON within LINUX Group

  30. Lab Procedures continued • Insure that the TELNET HOST address is 172.16.37.231 – Linux1 orLinux.bcs.solano.edu • Log in to Linux System using a userid of the form: ilastname where i is your first initial and lastname is the 1st seven letters of your last name. • Initial password is your SCCID, BUT you should immediately set a password by using the passwd command

  31. Printing • There is one printer on the Linux System, but it is only intended for instruction • Use SFTP to get files to your client micro or print them within the SFTP utility program (which uses Windows Notepad when you want to view a file)

  32. Accounting Computer Issues • LINUX requires a lab. • Time collected on the accounting computer justifies funds for Solano CC’s lab • Students should put 16 hours per semester in the lab. Should be 1 Hr. per week. Must have a faculty person available before the attendance computer is turned on.

  33. Accounting Computer login • Key in the last 4 digits of your SCCID • If more than one name comes up, select yours. (If you are a late add to the class, fill out a form that will be used to enter your name) • Select ‘starting session’ or ‘ending session’ on the next screen • Select class you are working on, if more than one.

  34. Linux Specifics • LINUX is a UNIX clone freely distributed by the GNU General Public License • Mostly POSIX.1 Compliant • Developed by Linus Torvalds ’95-6 at the University of Helsinki, Finland with assistance from many UNIX experts • SCC is using the REDHAT 9.0 distribution

  35. Topics • The History of LINUX • LINUX Components • LINUX at Solano Community College • LINUX is NOT DOS

  36. UNIX IS NOT DOS • Just a few of the DOS commands were modeled after Unix • (mkdir, rmdir) • Unix comes with a much larger group of utilities, with no standardization in syntax • Unix is much more powerful and complex • multi user, multitasking, • built in networking

  37. Unix Is NOT DOS • Programming capability is included in each of the shells • Input/output • selection (if, case) • looping (while, until) • signal trapping • use of Unix shell redirection and pipes • inclusion of any unix utility within a shell script

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