1 / 107

Pick up FRQ and Test

Pick up FRQ and Test. Looking at the scoring guide, rewrite any section you did not get full points. Population Quiz. 1) B 2) E 3) B 4) D 5)E 6)B 7)B 8) D 9)A. 10) C 11) B 12) D 13) C 14) D 15) E 16)D 17) D 18) C. You can’t just show up to the game

lilah
Download Presentation

Pick up FRQ and Test

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pick up FRQ and Test Looking at the scoring guide, rewrite any section you did not get full points

  2. Population Quiz • 1) B • 2) E • 3) B • 4) D • 5)E • 6)B • 7)B • 8) D • 9)A 10) C 11) B 12) D 13) C 14) D 15) E 16)D 17) D 18) C

  3. You can’t just show up to the game • The coach is not the only one who can make you better

  4. Retaking a quiz without reviewing is a waste of time • Brick wall today 11:59

  5. What do you know about energy sources?

  6. RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Resource - An essentially inexhaustible energy resource on a human time scale.

  7. PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING Passive solar heating – captures sunlight directly with a structure and converts it to low-temperature heat for space heating. AdvantagesDisadvantages 1. save money 1. expensive for initial costs 2. create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity 2. aesthetically not pleasing 3. eliminate/reduce fossil fuels 3. latitude 4. less pollution 5. less environmental damage

  8. PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

  9. ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING Active solar heating – specially designed collectors absorb solar energy and fan/pump distributes energy to parts of a building to meet space/water heating needs. AdvantagesDisadvantages 1. save money 1. expensive for initial costs 2. create 2-5 more jobs/unit of electricity 2. aesthetically not pleasing 3. eliminate/reduce fossil fuels 3. latitude 4. less pollution 5. less environmental damage

  10. ACTIVE SOLAR HEATING

  11. SOLAR THERMAL PLANT

  12. SOLAR COOKER 1Solar Cooker – focuses and concentrates sunlight in a box typically covered in glass to trap infrared radiation waves to cook food in rural villages in developing countries. AdvantagesDisadvantages Does reduce deforestation 2-4 hours to cook average meal.

  13. SOLAR COOKER

  14. SOLAR HYDROGEN Solar-Hydrogen – Water can be split into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. It is in its infancy. So far… we can create fuel cells where hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce an electrical current, but it is difficult to store enough hydrogen gas in a fuel tank for very long. • Politics and economics are “holding up” this technology. • R&D from government needed. • must convince energy companies and investors to $ into this type of power and phase out fossil fuels. • must convince public to change over. …Not Yet!

  15. SOLAR HYDROGEN

  16. Clip

  17. Passive solar activityBring in 2 cartons tomorrow for passive solar activity

  18. HYDROPOWER • 1.     Hydroelectric power plants – A dam is built across a large river to create a reservoir. The higher the head, the greater the amount of power that can be generated. Water is stored in a reservoir during low electricity production. Water is released and flows are controlled as electricity demands peak. Water spins the turbines in the “powerhouse”. Electricity is distributed to end user.  • Examples – Aswan High Dam (Egypt) and Colorado River Basin (USA/Mexico) • Advantages Disadvantages • 1. Moderate to high energy yield 1. create floods • 2. low operating/maintenance costs 2. destroys habitats • low air pollution 3. uproots people • 4. Decreases fish harvests • 5. DO problems

  19. HYDROPOWER Hoover Dam

  20. HYDROPOWER Aswan High Dam

  21. Read about Three GorgesList pros and cons after reading article and video

  22. TIDAL POWER 1Tidal Power- power created from tidal energy Advantages Disadvantages 1. tidal energy spins turbines 1. few suitable sites 2. Construction costs high

  23. TIDAL POWER

  24. BIOMASS Biomass – organic matter in plants produced through photosynthesis and can be burned directly as a solid fuel or converted into a gas or liquid fuel. 1.     Burning wood 2.     Agricultural Waste a.     Bagasse (sugar cane residue) b.    Straw 3.     Urban Waste (WTE) a. burning garbage 4.     Biofuels a.     Biogas – a mixture of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. b.    Liquid ethanol- (grain alcohol) – sugar + grain; mix gasoline + ethanol = gasohol which can burned in conventional gasoline engines (super-unleaded) c. Liquid methanol – wood alcohol

  25. BIOMASS BAGASSE WOOD GARBAGE SUGAR CANE BIOGAS

  26. BIOMASS AdvantagesDisadvantages 1. potentially renewable resource 1. removal of trees depletes soil nutrients 2. less air pollutants released 2. soil erosion (turbidity) 3. decrease in use of fossil fuels 3. flooding 4. moderate-high net energy yield 4. loss of wildlife habitats 5. large land areas needed 6. heavy pesticide/fertilizer use 7. reduces biodiversity 8. reduces ecological integrity

  27. Clip

  28. GEOTHERMAL Geothermal Energy - Heat contained in underground rocks and fluid that can be tapped for energy. • Extract dry steam, wet steam or hot water and can be used to heat space or water. • “Potentially renewable resource” • 22 countries currently use geothermal, it supplies 1% of world energy. In the USA (44% geothermal energy produced worldwide) geothermal electricity is produced mostly in Hawaii, California, Nevada, and Utah.

  29. GEOTHERMAL • AdvantagesDisadvantages • Reliable 1. Scarcity of reservoirs • Renewable 2. Deforestation to • Moderate Net Energy Yield build plants • 96% less CO2 emitted 3. Land subsidence • Competitive Cost 4. Noise, odor

  30. GEOTHERMAL

  31. SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY • Improve energy efficiency • Increase local availability of renewable energy resources • Find transitional resources (natural gas, nuclear) • Government must promote R&D for alternative renewable energy resources. • Educate the public • All energy resources should compete in an open, free-market with NO government control! • Government needs to implement constructive subsidies not destructive subsidies to promote change, this will lead to conservation of resources and less over-consumption.

  32. Non-Renewable energy

  33. ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER • No air pollutants emitted. • Land disturbance is low when no accidents are involved. • Construction and backup safety systems decrease the likelihood of a catastrophic event. • Chernobyl only caused the premature deaths of 32,000 people; coal burning causes premature deaths of 65,000 – 200,000 people in the USA each year!

  34. DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY • Always the danger of a metldown • Waste disposal? • How do we effectively decommission the facilities after only 17 years of use? • Only 17% efficient • Extremely high costs associated with using “safe technology”.

  35. HOW SAFE ARE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS? Case Study: Three Mile Island March 29, 1979 - #2 reactor in Harrisburg, PA lost its coolant water b/c of a series of mechanical failures and human operator errors for safety measure. The reactor core became partially exposed and 50% of it melted and fell to the bottom of the reactor. Unknown amounts of radiation was released into atm. 50,000 people evacuated, 1.2 billion in law suits, increase in cancer rates over the years (stress and radiation).

  36. CHERNOBYL April 26, 1986 – Total meltdown of a graphite moderated nuclear fission power plant. Released enormous amounts of radiation due to loss of coolant around fuel rods and they melted through the core. Health Effects: Thyroid, skin, liver, ovaries, muscles, lungs, spleen, kidney, bone. Caused mutations and cancer.

  37. LIFESPAN OF A REACTOR • After 15-40 years, a nuclear reactor becomes dangerously contaminated with radioactive material. They can be decommissioned or retired by: • Dismantling and storing large volumes HLRW in appropriate storage facilities (don’t exist). • Construct a physical barrier for security for 30-100 years before the plant is dismantled. • Enclose plant in a tomb that must last for thousands of years.

  38. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION NRC assessed US reactors and concluded that there is a 15-45 % chance of a complete core meltdown. Public doesn’t trust NRC and DOE b/c they7 destroyed documents, obstructed investigations and gave advance notice to facility operators before “surprise inspection visits”

  39. WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR? • Breeder Nuclear Fission Reactors – generate more nuclear fuel than they consume by converting non-fissionable 238U to 239Pt. • Liquid sodium is used as a coolant and is very explosive when it reacts with air. • Nuclear Fusion. Not yet! We’re still in the BF yras.

  40. Fundamentals of Energy Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy

  41. Tar Sand Tar sands, also referred to as oil sands or bituminous sands, are a combination of clay, sand, water, and a solid, tar-like petroleum, called bitumen Most of the remaining 15% is found in Venezuela and Russia, but these deposits will probably never be economical to mine The bitumen is far too thick to flow out of the rock 85% of all tar sand deposits occur in Canada

  42. Tar Sand About 88% of Canada’s known petroleum reserves are tar sands

  43. Tar Sand Fortunately, the Canadian tar sand are concentrated in three regions in the state of Alberta This concentration means that some of these deposits are currently economic to mine In fact, serious tar sand mining began before WWII

  44. Tar Sand There are about 174 billion barrels of crude bitumen which are economically recoverable from the three Alberta oil sands areas at current prices using current technology This is equivalent to about 10% of the estimated 1,700 and 2,500 billion barrels of bitumen in place

  45. Tar Sand It takes two tons of tar sand to produce one barrel of oil

  46. Tar Sand Note the processing plant in the distance

  47. Tar Sand The oil sands after surface removal are further broken up and then extracted from the rock pores by subjecting the material to hot water and other chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide The oil-bearing sand is piped into a large settling tank where the heavy sand settles to the bottom, water settles above that, and the oil floats to the top, where it can be removed for refining

  48. Tar Sand For every barrel of oil produced from tar sands in Alberta, more than 80 kg of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere and between 2 and 4 barrels of waste water are dumped into tailing ponds that have flooded about 50 square kilometers of forest and bogs

  49. Tar Sand Critics contend that measures taken to minimize environmental and health risks posed by large-scale mining operations are inadequate, potentially causing damage to archaeological sites and natural resources

  50. Tar Sand The open-pit mining of the Alberta oils sands destroys the boreal forest, the bogs, the rivers as well as the natural landscape The mining industry believes that the boreal forest will eventually colonize the reclaimed lands, yet 30 years after the opening of the first open pit mine in the region no land is considered as having been "restored“

More Related