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The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799

The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY. The “Thermidorian Reaction”. Curtailed the power of the Committee for Public Safety. Closed the Jacobin Clubs. Churches were reopened.

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The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799

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  1. The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799 By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

  2. The “Thermidorian Reaction” • Curtailed the power of the Committee for Public Safety. • Closed the Jacobin Clubs. • Churches were reopened. • 1795  freedom of worship for all cults was granted. • Economic restrictions were lifted in favor of laissez-faire policies. • August, 1795  a new Constitution is written • more conservative republicanism.

  3. Characteristics of the Directory • The Paris Commune was outlawed. • The Law of 22 Prairial was revoked. • People involved in the original Terror were now attacked “White” Terror • Inflation continues. • Rule by rich bourgeois liberals. • Self-indulgence  frivolous culture;salons return; wild fashions. • Political corruption. • Revival of Catholicism.

  4. The Government Structure of the New Directory • 5-man executive committee or oligarchy [to avoid a dictatorship]. • Tried to avoid the dangers of a one-house legislature. • Council of 500 initiates legislation. • Council of Elders [250 members]  married or widowed males over 40 years of age. • They accepted or rejected the legislation. • Both houses elected by electors who owned or rented property worth 100-200 days’ labor [limited to 30,000 voters]. • The electors were elected by all males over 21 who were taxpayers.

  5. Political Instability: 1795-1796 • April, 1795  Inflation; bread riots. • May 20, 1795  Revolt of Prairial [Year III] • October, 1795 : • Vendée and Brittany revolted. • Military suppressed them. • May, 1796  First “communist” revolt • Gracchus Babeufand the Conspiracy of Equals”

  6. 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9, 1799) • Coup d’état by Napoleon. • Approved by a plebiscite in December. • Abbe Sieyès: Confidence from below; authority from above.

  7. A British Cartoon about Napoleon’s Coup in 1799

  8. Read More About the Revolution

  9. Bibliographic Resources • “Hist210—Europe in the Age of Revolutions.”http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/chron/rch5.htm • “Liberty, Fraternity, Equality: Exploring the French Revolution.”http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ • Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction: Europe, 1789-1849. CambridgeUniversity Press, 2001. • “The Napoleonic Guide.” http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm

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