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ATM CHAPTER 3

ATM CHAPTER 3. BY CAPT AB MANAN MANSOR. Chapter 3 Flight Rules Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). IFR -regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation. IFR is flown in a Instrument Flight Condition

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ATM CHAPTER 3

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  1. ATM CHAPTER 3 BY CAPT AB MANAN MANSOR

  2. Chapter 3 Flight RulesInstrument Flight Rules (IFR) • IFR -regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation. • IFR is flown in a Instrument Flight Condition • Only an IFR-rated pilot can fly while looking only at the instrument panel in IFR. • IFR-rated pilots are authorized to fly through clouds. Air Traffic Control procedures and airspace rules are designed to maintain separation from other aircraft. • Most scheduled airline flights operate under IFR. • An IFR aircraft must comply strictly to ATC instructions as it cannot see outside and depend on ATC seperations.

  3. Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) • Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima.

  4. Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) • Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than minima specified for visual meteorological conditions (VMC).

  5. Chapter 3 Flight RulesVisual Flight Rules (VFR) • VFR are often used for sight-seeing flights, aerial photography, or lift services for parachute jumping. (also military combat aircraft) • The flight is operated under the Visual Meteorological Conditions. • Pilots flying under VFR are not permitted to fly through clouds. Many non-commercial, private recreational aircraft also operate under VFR whenever the sky is clear. • Under VFR, the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation, obstacle clearance and maintaining separation from other aircraft using the see-and-avoid concept. • Most VFR flights are done in uncontrolled airspace.

  6. Chapter 3 Flight RulesCruise Level Quadrental Rule< 25,000 ft • Less 90 degree • Odd thousand of feet • 90 deg but less than 180 degree • Odd thousand of ft+ 500 ft • 180 deg but less than 270 degree • Even thousand of feet • 270 deg but less than 360 degree • Even thousand of ft + 500 ft.

  7. Chapter 3 Flight RulesCruise Level > 25,000 ft • IFR • East (360 deg – 179 deg) • Odd (thousand ft) • West (180 deg – 359 deg) • Even (thousand ft) • VFR • East (000 deg – 179 deg) • Odd (thousand five hundred ft) • West (180 deg – 359 deg) • Even (thousand five hundred ft)

  8. Airspace Class • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D • Class E • Class F • Class G

  9. Chapter 4 – Air Traffic Control Clearance

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