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Building Models Building Modelling

Building Models Building Modelling. Kaj A. Jørgensen Aalborg University, Department of Production. Aalborg. New Concert Hall. Computerbaserede bygningsmodeller. Jørn Utzon skaber sin kunstneriske form 1957. Jørn Utzon skræller en appelsin. Jørn Utzon får geometrien af formen bestemt.

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Building Models Building Modelling

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  1. Building Models Building Modelling Kaj A. Jørgensen Aalborg University, Department of Production

  2. Aalborg New Concert Hall Object-Oriented Building Models

  3. Computerbaserede bygningsmodeller Jørn Utzon skaber sin kunstneriske form 1957 Jørn Utzon skræller en appelsin Jørn Utzon får geometrien af formen bestemt Forudsætningen for et rationelt byggeri Samtidig begynder det danske montagebyggeri Object-Oriented Building Models

  4. Computeren som regnemaskine Computeren muliggør præcis geometri af frie former Det er 3D - men ren geometri Målsætning og produktionsgrundlag Forudsætningen for et præcist byggeri Object-Oriented Building Models

  5. Den parametriske komponent Komponenten er designet og programmeret hos producenten Arkitekten tager den ind i sit projekt – og tilpasser den Arkitektens elektroniske bygningsmodel består således af objekter – så den kan gøres til genstand for simulering af forskellig art Den tilpassede komponent danner grundlag for producentens fremstilling, styklister, tilbud mv. Det er 3D – med ”Intelligens” Object-Oriented Building Models

  6. Bygningsmodel: Sorthøjparken Aalborg Object-Oriented Building Models

  7. Fundamentals of Building models Analytic models versus synthetic models The object concept Attributes

  8. Analytic modelling modelling by abstraction Synthetic modelling realisation of artefacts Modelling: two approaches Object-Oriented Building Models

  9. Analytic models Synthetic models Modelling: two kinds of models Object-Oriented Building Models

  10. Synthetic Modelling is the Foundation Object-Oriented Building Models

  11. Synthetic Building Models • Modelling is performed as a synthetic model • The physical building is constructed from a synthetic model • Various representations are necessary • on different levels of abstraction • on different levels of detail • Several domains must be included in the representation • building • actors and resources • activities • etc. • The building should be modelled for the complete life cycle Object-Oriented Building Models

  12. The Object Concept • In the real world • objects are living and communicating organisms • objects have properties • factual properties • operational properties - behaviour • In data models • software objects are representations of real world objects • software objects are described by attributes • analytic view: classes of objects - members of classes • synthetic view: types of objects - objects are instances of types • two design levels: the type level and the object level • abstraction mechanisms classification and composition can be applied Object-Oriented Building Models

  13. Building Modelling • Building CAD tools generally contain • Models of physical objects and products is the foundation • Walls, columns, beams, openings, etc. • Libraries of objects and products • Windows, doors, furniture, lamps, etc. • An analytic view of the building is often used • A number of problems are related to this, e.g. • What are rooms? • Is a complete front wall one or many objects? • How can functional requirements be described? • A number of other tools must be used also - model exchange Object-Oriented Building Models

  14. Building Objects – e.g. wall-element • Models are built from objects • Object properties are specified • Geometry • Materials • Prices Object-Oriented Building Models

  15. Models Generic model component Attributes and structures of sub-components Relationships Modelling matrix

  16. Information Modelling: Generic Model Component • Model component • Living organism - communicating • Content: • attributes • factual - state • operational - behaviour • structures of sub-components • references • collections • Encapsulation - attributes can be • visible for other systems • hidden from other system Object-Oriented Building Models

  17. Data Modelling Fundamentals, cont. • References • A reference contains the address value of another object • Symbol in type diagrams: arrow • A reference can be used to represent an oriented relationship between two objects • examples: window  wall floor  roombuilding  building complex Object-Oriented Building Models

  18. Data Modelling Fundamentals, cont. • Collections • Oriented relationship between two object types examples: wall --->> window, room --->> wall • Symbol in type diagrams: double-headedarrow • Anchor type and body type • Identified by a special attribute in the anchor type • One-to-many relationships • Internal organisation - information structure: • static structure - array • dynamic/linked structures – standard structures: lists, trees, networks ? ? CDset CDdata Object types Objects Object-Oriented Building Models

  19. Dynamic Data Structures - Linked Representations • Characteristics - Efficiency • Insert and remove operations • Retrieval operations – most efficient: search trees • Standard structures • List structures • Single-linked • Double-linked • Tree structures • Binary trees • Multi-way trees • Networks Object-Oriented Building Models

  20. Model Detailing: Attributes X Structure Identification of attributes Identificationof structure Object-Oriented Building Models

  21. Instantiation from Model Component Types • Component types • Primary content of information models • Identification - definition - specification • Attributes - name, data type, constraints • Relationship types • reference types • collection types • can be defined by special attributes • Components • Generated from types • Indefinite number of instances Object-Oriented Building Models

  22. Representation of Models • Fundamental system concepts • Abstraction mechanisms • Composition • Classification • Object-orientation • Objects with properties and behaviour • OO modelling is modelling in multiple dimensions • Taxonomies of models are the foundation • Objects and relationships are selected from taxonomies • Objects have pre-defined sets of properties • Model components are interrelated software objects • Building models: representing e.g. walls, floors, roofs, windows, doors Object-Oriented Building Models

  23. Representation on Multiple Abstraction Levels is Necessary • Proposed logical abstraction levels above the physical level • Purpose, the overall purpose or need for the building • Use, the user processes • Function, the functionalities/features of the building • Form, the architectural characteristics • Structure, the structural characteristics • Components, the building contents • Performance, the building performance • Dual view • Requirements • Fulfilment Object-Oriented Building Models

  24. Product Models and The Building Model Object-Oriented Building Models

  25. Building Model and Separate Construction Model Buildingobjects Building Model – for the building life cycle Operations,equipment, etc. Construction Model Object-Oriented Building Models

  26. Building Model and Construction Models • Project organisation • Project composition – network of activities and operations • The building is the basis – additional decomposition necessary • Additional objects related to production, not incl. in the building • Production equipment • Each operation • Input: set of objects • Output: one or more objects • Attributes: use of resources, constraints, etc. • The building model must be updated • Material consumption, elapsed time, cost, etc. Object-Oriented Building Models

  27. Wall with opening Window Screws Etc. Insertion of window Wall with opening and window Building Construction Tasks/Operations Relationships between building components and tasks/operations Building components Operation Building component Building components as well as operations and relationships should be defined in the building model Object-Oriented Building Models

  28. Building Model and Construction Model Building Model Storey + S2 Building component + BC1 – BC2 Building component + BC21 – BC22 Building comp. + BC221 – BC222 ... Construction Model Extra Parts Equipment Resources CX1CX2CX3 CX4... EX1 EX2 EX3 EX4... RX1 RX2RX3 RX4... Object-Oriented Building Models

  29. Quantity Take off and Cost Estimation • Example: wall with openings (door and window) • Quantities: • Length • Height • Thickness • Gross volume • Net volume • Gross area • Net area • Length of wall connections • Opening width • Opening height • Length of opening circumference Materials of each layer Activities/jobs Scaffolding Tolls Etc. Object-Oriented Building Models

  30. Selected references • My own papers • http://www.iprod.aau.dk/bygit/Web3B/Web3B_files/TechnicalReports/ReportDraft.pdf • www.iprod.auc.dk/~kaj/documents/papers/ProductFamilyModellingForConstruction.pdf • www.iprod.auc.dk/~kaj/documents/common/SystemConcepts.pdf • IAI – International Alliance for Interoperability • www.iai-international.org • BLIS Project • www.blis-project.org • www.blis-project.org/~sable Object-Oriented Building Models

  31. The end Thank you

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