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Disorders of the Endocrine System

Disorders of the Endocrine System. Thyroid Gland. Hormone : Thyroxin Overactivity (Too much hormone) Increased metabolic rate Increased food intake but loss of weight Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) Goitre (swollen neck, maybe bulging eyes). Goitre. Thyroid Gland. Hormone: Thyroxin

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Disorders of the Endocrine System

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  1. Disorders of the Endocrine System

  2. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Overactivity (Too much hormone) • Increased metabolic rate • Increased food intake but loss of weight • Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) • Goitre (swollen neck, maybe bulging eyes)

  3. Goitre

  4. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Underactivity (Not enough hormone) • Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s disease) - Reduced metabolic rate • Low food intake but gain of weight • Myxoedema (when onset in adults) • Cretinism (when onset in children) • Can also cause a goitre

  5. Myxoedema • Puffiness (swelling) • Fatigue • Obesity • Dry, thickened skin • Mental impairment • Thin, brittle hair

  6. Cretinism • Protuberant abdomen • Short Stature • Infertility • Neurological impairment • Constant Fatigue • Obesity

  7. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Calcitonin Overactivity - Increased Bone Ca, decreased Blood Ca - Tetany (nerve problems leading to muscle spasms or cramps) Underactivity - Increase Blood Ca, decreased Bone Ca • Osteoporosis (brittle bones) • Kidney stones

  8. Parathyroid Glands Hormone: Parathormone (PTH) Underactivity • Low Blood calcium, High Bone Ca • Tetany Overactivity • High Blood calcium, Low Bone Ca • Osteoporosis

  9. Pancreas Hormone: Insulin Overactivity • Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) • Hypoglycemia Underactivity • High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes

  10. Pancreas Hormone: Glucagon Overactivity • High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) • Diabetes Underactivity • Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) • Hyper insulinism

  11. Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormone:Growth Hormone Overactive • Giantism (children - very tall) • Acromegaly (adults - bones & skin thicken) Underactive - Dwarfism (very short)

  12. Giantism The man holding the baby in the photo is 8 ft, 2.5 inches tall

  13. Acromegaly

  14. Dwarfism Dwarfism occurs when there is short supply of GH in childhood. There are two types of dwarfism – Lorrain and Frohlich’s

  15. CHART ANSWERS

  16. Thyroxin – increases metabolic rate Overactive • Goitre • Hyperthyroidism • Grave’s Disease Underactive • Goitre • Hypothyroidism • Hashimoto’s Disease • Myxoedema (adults) • Cretinism (kids)

  17. Calcitonin – Inc. Ca uptake by bones and dec. Ca level in blood Overactive • Tetany Underactive • Kidney Stones • Osteoporosis

  18. Parathormone (PTH) – inc. Ca level in blood, dec. Ca level in bone Overactive • Kidney Stones • Osteoporosis Underactive • Tetany

  19. Insulin – dec. blood sugar levels Overactive • Hypoglycemia • Hyperinsulinism (insulin shock) Underactive • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes

  20. Calcitonin Vs. Parathormone Blood Ca Blood Ca Blood Ca Blood Ca Tetany • Osteoporosis • Kidney Stones Blood Ca Blood Ca Tetany • Osteoporosis • Kidney Stones

  21. Glucagon – inc. blood sugar levels Overactive • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes Underactive • Hypoglycemia • Hyperinsulinism

  22. Insulin vs Glucagon BSL BSL BSL BSL BSL Hypoglycemia • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes BSL Hypoglycemia • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes

  23. GH - Growth Hormone – increases bone growth Overactive • Giantism (children) • Acromegaly (adults) Underactive • Dwarfism (Frohlich’s and Lorrain)

  24. MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone – causes color cells (melanocytes) in skin to darken Overactive • Skin darkens Under active • Skin will not darken • Most severe condition is albinism

  25. LH, FSH, ICTH – sex hormones in males and females that aid in sperm or egg (gamete) production Overactive • Unknown Underactive • Sterility

  26. Corticoids – inc. blood pressure, inc. food metabolism and dec. inflammation Overactive • Cushing’s Syndrome Underactive • Addison’s Disease • Decreased cortisol and/or aldosterone production

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