David Wilkinson Director of Scientific Policy and Stakeholder Relations Joint Research Centre

1. JRC the in-house science serviceof the European Commission New directions for Horizon 2020 David Wilkinson Director of Scientific Policy and Stakeholder Relations Joint Research Centre david.wilkinson@ec.europa.eu SPRU Seminar, University of Sussex, 8 November 2013

2. Content Overview of the JRC Challenges facing humanity today Science-based regulations and standards Key JRC priorities for Horizon 2020 JRC collaborations

3. Science and the Role of the JRC José Manuel Barroso: strong commitment toresearchandinnovation “… acting as a bridge between policy making, science, society and economy is an invaluable asset of the JRC, given its outreach to so many bodies and organisation inside and outside Europe." Máire Geoghegan-Quinn: JRC at the heart of the EU policy process “The JRC… delivers scientific excellence, sound advice and key anticipation services, making the JRC the real ‘brain’ of the European Commission […].” Dominique Ristori: the European Commission's in-housescienceservice "The JRC supports EU policymakers in the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of policies."

4. Established 1957 Only Commission Directorate General carrying out direct research 7 institutes in 5 countries 2,822 staff (35% short-term) 632 peer reviewed scientificpublications in 2012 1,213 policy support deliverables in 2012 Budget 2013: €356 million,plus €62 million earned income Overview

5. JRC, the Commission's in-house science service: Provides EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Works in close cooperation with other Commission services, with Member States, industry and internationally. Is independent of industrial and national interests, has access to confidential information, and provides on-tap fast and flexible response.

6. Support to Innovation Union: developing the research and innovation observatory. Horizon Scanning and Foresight:strengthening anticipation and horizon scanning activities to better prepare the JRC and its customers for future policy challenges. Policy Options:producing science based, integrated and multi-disciplinary policy options. Economic Policy Analyses:strengthening social and economic policy analysis competences to better address policy customers’ needs. Modelling:developing modelling competences and platforms in order to facilitate policy options and prepare policy impact assessments. Standardisation:putting the science into the standardisation process with pre-normative research, harmonised methods, certification, reference methods and measurements. Social and Behavioural Analyses: providingthe societal and behavioural analyses required to successfully develop and implement policy. The JRC is initiating and strengthening its work in a number of areas in order to address the full policy cycle:

7. JRC priorities for Horizon 2020

8. World and EU Population Sources: 2020-2100: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DVD Edition. World (0-1950): United Nations, The World at Six Billion, 1999. EU28 (1960-2010): Eurostat

9. Global Energy Consumption Sources: Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations; IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 Notes: a) Energy given in exaJ = 1018J; b) Current Policies scenario assumes no change in polices, with demand growing by 1.5%/year; New Policies Scenario assumes demand increase 1.2%/year on average; and 450 scenario assumes strong policy action globally to put greenhouse-gas emissions on a long-term trajectory that will ultimately limit the global average temperature increase to 2degC.

10. World Merchandise Trade Source: World Bank

11. Life Expectancy & Proportion over 65 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DVD Edition. Note: No data available for the European Union. Hence, the region "Europe" was used as proxy.

12. The global challenge for 2050: Providing sufficient food, energy and water for the world's increasing population, whilst also mitigating and adapting to climate change, reducing the use of fossil fuels and managing increased urbanisation and changes in lifestyles. The challenge for the EU in the context of globalisation: To play a leading role in meeting this key challenge while, at the same time, creating economic growth and jobs, managing its changing demographics and providing for stable financial management. What are the challenges facing us today

13. Need for science-based regulations and standards • Meeting these challenges, stimulating innovation, competitiveness, growth and trade needs a regulatory framework providing a "level-playing field." • Common standards provide industry with the framework conditions upon which to invest, to innovate and to gain global market share in an increasingly competitive world. • For example, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations will consider differences in technical regulations, standards and approval procedures (e.g. approval procedures for cars). • Where possible, these rules and regulations should be science- and evidence-based in order to ensure the right balance between growth and bureaucracy. • The JRC has extensive experience, with three quarters of its work supporting the standardisationsystem, including co-operating with the US NIST.

14. Global Agriculture and global food security Low-carbon economy and resource efficiency (environment, climate change, energy, transport) EU Single internal market: growth, jobs and innovation Public health, safety and security Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Nuclear safety and security These priorities were established via extensive consultation with the policy DGs of the Commission to make more explicit the central role of the JRC in the EU policy process. They then form the basis of the JRC's multi-annual Work Programme. Key Cross-Cutting JRC priorities

15. Agriculture and Food Security • Covers Agriculture and Fisheries • Representative Specific Priorities • Monitoring and economic analysis of agricultural resources and Europe's contribution to food security, including through CAP implementation • Modelling; collection, dissemination and analysis of fishery data as well as scientific advice on the sustainable exploitation of fish stocks • Key Outputs • New Plant Breeding Techniques: socio-economic assessment GM crops • Land availability and soil quality • Impact of climate on agriculture and vice versa • Effect of extreme weather on cereal yields • Better valorisation of ocean resources • Food price trends and volatility

16. Low-carbon economy and resource efficiency • Covers Energy; Transport;Climate; and Environment • Representative Specific Priorities • Natural resources and the protection of environmental risks, plus smooth transition to a resource-efficient low-carbon economy • Climate mitigation policies • Development of smart and super power grids • Integrated electro-mobility modelling • Key Outputs • Biofuels and Indirect Land Use Change • Shale Gas: potential market and environmental impact • Best Available Techniques (BATs) – iron, steel, glass, cement • Interoperability for electromobility and smart grids • Standards for energy efficiency • Blueprint to safeguard Europe's waters

17. Single Internal Market: Growth, Jobs and Innovation • Covers Single market; Industry; Trade; Employment; Education and Research • Representative Specific Priorities • Horizon 2020 plus Innovation Union flagship • Space applications and tools (Copernicus and Galileo) • Research and Innovation strategies for Smart Specialisation • Europe 2020 targets on education • Impact of digital technologies on growth and job creation • Key Outputs • Measuring investment and innovation, incl. Research and Innovation Observatory • Eco-industries for a sustainable future • Standards for the construction sector • Connecting European science and business

18. Public Health, Safety and Security • Covers Health; Consumer protection; Home affairs; Customs; and fight against fraud • Representative Specific Priorities • Emerging technologies and innovation in health care • Crisis management • Disaster detection, early warning systems and support the European Emergency Response Centre (ERC) • Advice to national scientific and government partners in developing countries • Key Outputs • Cancer screening policy support • Standards for medical devices • Nanomaterials' characterisation and safety • New reference method for animal feeds • Monitoring EU coastal waters • Timely information on drought, fires and floods

19. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) • Covers Economic Governance; Financial Regulation and Supervision; and Taxation • Representative Specific Priorities • Evidence base to underpin the Economic and Monetary Union • Economic and budgetary surveillance • Banking Union and financial regulation • Key Outputs • Financial stability: evaluation and modelling of "Bank Recovery and Resolution" framework • Modelling essential macro-economic variables (GAP and QUEST) • Providing insight into the dynamics of the banking sector

20. Nuclear Safety and Security (EURATOM Programme) • Key Outputs • Nuclear safeguards and forensics • Clearing House for nuclear stress tests post-Fukushima • Nuclear decommissioning initiative

21. Exploratory Research – at the core of JRC activities • Objective to develop in-house new competences and knowledge necessary for the JRC to continue to fulfil successfully its mission • Essential for strengthening the JRC scientific base and capacity building in key areas • Integrated throughout the work programme and linked to related policy areas for identification of future policy needs • Carried-out on JRC own initiative or upon request of a policy DG

22. A Networked Organisation • 1000+ partners: Universities, industry groups, Member State governments, international organisations, and European Parliament • 250 major networks worldwide: • Cooperation and partnerships with key organisations • Training and mobility of researchers • Access to scientific infrastructures • Working with EASAC/Eurocase • Support to EU Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy

23. European Forum for Science and Industry strengthening the dialogue and cooperation with European industry in key sectors for European competitiveness in a regular and structured way 800 members from public institutions, private companies, the scientific community, Universities, European associations, industrial organisations… Tools:-Initiatives - Roundtable - Newsletter - Bilateral meetings with high-level stakeholders/technical meetings - Cooperation on specific projects