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World Religions

World Religions. Unit 7. Religion and Culture. Value system that people place on themselves and others based on a spiritual or divine aspect of the world. Religion can impact the world’s landscape and the cultures of billions. Faith-belief in things that you cannot see or prove. .

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World Religions

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  1. World Religions Unit 7

  2. Religion and Culture • Value system that people place on themselves and others based on a spiritual or divine aspect of the world. • Religion can impact the world’s landscape and the cultures of billions. • Faith-belief in things that you cannot see or prove.

  3. Religion and Culture • Monotheistic-One god • Polytheistic-Many gods • Ethnic religions-person is born into the faith, little to no effort is put forth to convert others. • Universalizing religions-members actively try to covert others

  4. Religion and Culture • Atheists-do not believe in any god • Secularist-person who wants to separate religion from all aspects of society One thought on religion vs. atheism by British celebrity Ricky Gervais

  5. Major Religions of the World • Buddhism • Hinduism • Christianity • Islam • Judaism

  6. Christianity • World’s largest religion • Monotheistic, universalizing. • 3 Branches: Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox • Symbols: • Cross located within the church • Steeple of the church points upward towards Heaven. Cross usually on top of steeple

  7. Christian Beliefs • Jesus Christ: • Born on Earth • Died on Cross • Resurrected • Showed that all Christians can be saved • The Bible • Old and New Testament • Old: Israelites, Moses, Abraham, David. Before the coming of the Savior • New: life of Jesus and foundation of the new faith • Holy Trinity: God, Son, Holy Spirit

  8. Structure of Christianity • Catholic Church • Pope • Cardinals • Bishops • Priests • Protestant Church • Pastor, Minister • Orthodox Church • Patriarch

  9. Denominations • Branches of a religion that differ on specific aspects of the principles of the religion • Catholicism is the oldest and largest branch • Martin Luther created the Protestant Reformation which broke away from Roman Catholicism • Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, etc.

  10. Islam • Second largest religion. Starting to gain on Christianity • Muslims • Mostly live in the Middle East, Northern Africa, Southeast Asia • Universalizing, monotheistic • Shares some of the major people with Christianity and Judaism

  11. Islam • Islam believes that Jesus was a prophet, but not the main prophet. For Muslims, this person is Muhammad. • Muhammad was spoken to by Allah (God) and wrote down Allah’s word in the Koran. • Koran is the Islamic holy text.

  12. Islam • Muslims worship inside of a mosque • Minarets-towers that extend upward toward Allah • The leader of a mosque is an imam. • They lead prayers at different times of the day

  13. Beliefs of Islam • Five Pillars of Islam: • Shahadah: There is only one God, Allah • When you accept the creed of Allah, you officially become a Muslim • Salah: Prayer must be done five times daily facing the city of Mecca • Zakat: Taxes must be paid directly to the poor and needy or the mosque • Sawm: One must fast during Ramadan • Hahjj: One must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once during one’s life

  14. Salah and Sawm

  15. Hajj

  16. Denominations • Shiites, Shiahs, Shi’a • 15-20% of Muslim population • Conservative • Interpret the Koran literally • Sunnis make up the largest percentage of Muslims • Liberal • Looser interpretation of the Koran

  17. Denominations • Shiite Muslims live mainly in Iraq and Iran • Sunni Muslims live in the rest of the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Southeast Asia • Theocracy-state ruled by religious leaders • Religion plays a key role in the administration of the country • Koran plays an important role in the institutional laws of society • Islamic theocracies are ruled by Sharia Law • Do not separate church and state • Based on Koran and teachings of Muhammad. • Fundamentalism-literal interpretation of a holy book, urges strict behavioral guidelines to comply with basic principles of religion • See this in Christianity .

  18. Judaism • One of the oldest religions • Not just a religion, but an ethnicity

  19. Judaism • Worship inside of a synagogue • The Star of David is a major symbol in the religion. • David was one of the major leaders in the faith

  20. Beliefs of Judaism • Ethnic, monotheistic religion • God figure is Yahweh • Jewish bible is the Tanahk, based on the Torah and the Talmud • Rabbi leads the service on Saturday

  21. Distribution • Majority of population lives in the US along the East Coast • Israel was founded in 1948 as a homeland for the Jewish after WWII • 14 Million Jews live there today

  22. Denominations of Judaism • Orthodox • Can live within society • Believe that the Torah’s message can change with the times • Reform • Believe Torah is open to continuous interpretation

  23. Jewish Holidays • Passover • Biblical Story • Rosh Hashanah • Reflect on sins • Yom Kippur • Fast • Atonement

  24. Monotheistic vs. Polytheistic • Monotheistic • Belief in one god figure • Believers will go to heaven, nonbelievers to hell • Polytheistic • Many gods

  25. Hinduism • Oldest religion on Earth • Ethnic religion • You can practice, but you are only Hindu if you’re born into a Hindu family • Majority in India • 3rd largest religion

  26. Beliefs of Hinduism • 3 primary deities • Brahma • Shiva • Vishnu • Practice faith in a temple • Vedas-holy texts • Reincarnation

  27. Deities Triumvirate: • Brahma • Created the universe • Shiva • Destroys the universe • Vishnu • Preserver of Earth and universe

  28. Buddhism • Focus on elimination of desires through meditation • No focus on a specific god • Instead: personal devotion of the individual follower. • Located in East Asia, Northeast, Southeast Asia • Universalizing but… • Syncretic religion: combining 2+ faiths into one belief system

  29. Buddhism • Pagodas • Individual rather than congregational • Not social • Burn incense to release spirits/meditate

  30. Beliefs of Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama • Prince who lived in Nepal • He left his palace and observed the poverty in the region and was disgusted. • He lived a life without material possessions • Nirvana: enlightenment

  31. Beliefs of Buddhism • 4 Universal Truths • All living beings should experience and endure suffering • Suffering leads to the desire to live, which leads to reincarnation • The goal is to leave the suffering of this Earth perpetuated by reincarnation • Nirvana can be achieved through practicing the following eight steps: • Rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, meditation.

  32. Confucianism • Based on teachings of Confucius • China • Focus on relationships, makes up the major societal rules of China • FengShui/Geomancy- keeping flow of energy in harmony

  33. Daoism • Release of personal desires • Lao Tzu • China • Things happen that cannot be explained by rational thought • Mystical understanding of the harmony of life

  34. Sacred Places & Spaces • Sacred spaces-locations with significant meaning • TajMahal: built by Muslim prince as a mausoleum for wife • Ganges River: Hindu holy river; bodies are burned and scattered over river • Death and how to care for the dead

  35. Conflict • Battles fought in the name of religion happen frequently • Why is this ironic? • Interfaith boundaries-fighting over the boundaries of people of different faiths • Christians vs. Muslims • Iran vs. Israel • Christians vs. Christians • Muslim Pakistan vs. Hindu India • Nuclear Weapons… • 9/11 and other terrorist attacks (worldwide) • Northern Ireland: Protestant vs. Catholic

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