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Balsamorhiza - Balsamroot

. . Balsamorhiza - Balsamroot. - long-lived perennial herbs - leaves in basal rosette - leaves broad, arrow-shaped - disk and ray flowers. Major groups within Angiosperms. Monocots. Magnoliid complex. Eudicots. Basal families. “Dicots”. Monocot diversity. Agaves. Irises.

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Balsamorhiza - Balsamroot

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  1.  Balsamorhiza - Balsamroot - long-lived perennial herbs - leaves in basal rosette - leaves broad, arrow-shaped - disk and ray flowers

  2. Major groups within Angiosperms Monocots Magnoliid complex Eudicots Basal families “Dicots”

  3. Monocot diversity Agaves Irises Orchids Pandanus Palms Lilies Dioscorea Grasses Sedges Rushes Aroids Bromeliads Gingers Alismataceae Acorus Commelina

  4. “Dicots” Monocots 1 seed leaf (cotyledon) 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)

  5. Dicots - vascular cambium Monocots - vascular bundles

  6. Monocots - no secondary growth (true wood) => all “herbs”

  7. Monocots - roots fibrous (no taproots)

  8. Dicots - reticulate venation Monocots - parallel venation

  9. Monocots - flowers 3-merous

  10. Some distinguishing features of Monocots • 1 cotyledon • scattered vascular bundles no secondary growth only fibrous roots, no tap roots • parallel leaf venation (almost always) • flower parts in multiples of 3 (rare in dicots)

  11. Monocots worldwide ~1/4 of angiosperms >2500 families, ~60,000 species (25,000 orchids) center of diversity in tropics major temperate families: Poaceae and Liliaceae very important ecologically and economically grassland ecosystems = 1/4 of land worldwide source of all grain crops (rice, maize, wheat etc.)

  12. Monocot diversity Agaves Irises Orchids Pandanus Palms Lilies Dioscorea Grasses Sedges Rushes Aroids Bromeliads Gingers Alismataceae Acorus Commelina

  13. Montana monocots(not on plants-to-know list) Araceae (Calla Lily family) Lysichitum americanum (Skunk Cabbage)

  14. Montana monocots(not on plants-to-know list) Alismataceae (Water Plantain family) Sagittaria latifolia (Arrowhead)

  15. Agavaceae - Yucca Yucca moth(Pronuba) inside flower Yucca (Soapweed)

  16. New families -- Petaloid monocots Iridaceae (Iris family) Liliaceae (Lily family) Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

  17. Liliaceae -- Lily family Worldwide north temperate, especially in Mediterranean regions some authors split into many smaller families (ex. Calochortaceae, Trilliaceae, Alliaceae, etc.) In Montana 15th largest family: ~25 genera, ~55 species Growth habit/Life history perennial herbs often with bulbs

  18. bulb = underground storage organ made of thickened leaf bases

  19. Liliaceae -- Lily family Leaves simple usually linear no petiole Inflorescences variable: panicle raceme umbel solitary

  20. Liliaceae -- Lily family Flowers regular, perfect (bisexual) Sepals + Petals (Tepals) 6 (all showy usually) usually unfused Stamens 6, distinct Gynoecium 3 fused carpels, 1 style superior ovary

  21. Liliaceae -- Lily family Fruit types capsule (most common) berry Fritillaria Clintonia

  22. Liliaceae -- Lily family Xerophyllum (Bear Grass)

  23. Liliaceae -- Lily family Allium

  24. Liliaceae -- Lily family Disporum (Fairy Bells)

  25. Liliaceae -- Lily family Veratrum viride (Corn Lily, False Hellebore)

  26. Liliaceae -- Lily family Camassia quamash (Common Camas) Zigadenus elegans (Mountain Death-Camas)

  27. Liliaceae -- Lily family Calochortus (Cat’s Ear, Sego Lily, Mariposa Lily)

  28. Fritillaria -- Fritillaries • typical Liliaceae • fruit = capsule • flower bell-like F. pudica (Yellow Bells) F. atropurpurea Chocolate Bells

  29. Erythronium -- Glacier Lily  • typical Liliaceae • fruit = capsule • petals long & reflexed • bulbs important food for wildlife

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