Chapter 1 The World of Robots

1. Chapter 1The World of Robots Dr. Paige H. Meeker

2. Definition What are robots?

3. Definition According to Wikipedia, the defining characteristics are: 1 is not 'natural', i.e. it is artificially created 2 can sense its environment, and manipulate or interact with things in it 3 has some ability to make choices based on the environment, often using automatic control or a preprogrammed sequence 4 is programmable 5 moves with one or more axes of rotation or translation 6 makes dexterous coordinated movements 7 moves without human intervention 8 appears to have intent or agency (See anthropomorphism for examples of ascribing intent to inanimate objects.)[3]

4. Text Definition: • A robot is a mechanism or an artificial entity that can be guided by automatic controls.

5. A Brief History of Robots… • Industrial Robots • mobile robots • exploring hazardous environments ranging from radioactive sites, volcanoes, finding and destroying mines, military surveillance, etc. • Planetary Rover Robots • Medical Robots • Toys and Entertainment • Education

6. Robots and Computing • Automatically controlling arobot almost always implies that there is a computer involved. • In the process of learning about and playing with robots you will also uncover the world of computers. • Computer speak to our robots via a wireless communication technology called bluetooth. • Therefore – control the computer, control the robot!

7. Robots and Computing • How do you control the computer? • PROGRAMMING!! (Using a programming language) • Python • A modern programming language that’s easy to learn and use • In addition to Python, we will use a library called “MyRo” (for “my robot”) that was written in order to make programming the robot a little easier.

8. What are some robots you’ve heard of?

9. Medical and Surgical Robots • Da Vinci Surgical System • Cyberknife • Robo-Doc • Robot wheelchairs

10. Da Vinci Surgical System • Primarily used in prostatectomies cardiac valve repair and gynecologic surgical procedures • Made up of four robotic arms. Three of those arms hold tools. The fourth has a camera with two lenses that allow the surgeon full vision. • http://www.davincisurgery.com/index.aspx • http://www.intuitivesurgical.com/patientresources/index.aspx • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Frr2eR3brdE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOq78wzyIXQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZHwCm0th2k

11. Cyberknife • It is designed for radio surgery • It produces radiation from a small linear particle accelerator • Has a robotic arm which allows its energy to be aimed at any part of the body from any direction • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberknife • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gH2zjTfojo

12. Robo Doc • Remote Presence (RP6) Robots • Medical experts examine patients from anywhere in the world • Used for diagnosis, surgical teaching, videoconferencing • Dr. can view patient, ask questions, read patient records, view X-rays and test results from their computer • Allows immediate access to medical specialists • http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050519083715.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yzhOssm5Xg

13. Wheelesley Uses: • Sonar • Infrared • Bump and vision sensors • Balance Support • http://robotics.usc.edu/~maja/teaching/cs584/papers/ai-at-yanco.pdf • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxAE3omf6Og

14. Home Robots • Roomba • Scuba • Dirt Dog • Verro • Looj • ConnectR • Robomow

15. Roomba Vacuum Cleaning Robots • iRobot: “Life happens in busy homes. Stay ahead of messy floors with the touch of a button! Smart and efficient iRobot Roomba lifts an amazing amount of dirt, dust, pet hair, cat litter, crumbs and other debris from your carpets and hard floors.” • Powerful suction and rotating brushes • Automatically navigates for best cleaning coverage • Cleans under and around furniture, into corners and along wall edges • Self-adjusts from carpets to hard floors and back again • Automatically avoids stairs, drop-offs and off-limit areas • Simple to use— just press the Clean button and Roomba does the rest • http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=122

16. Scooba Floor Washing Robot • Preps, washes, scrubs and squeegees sealed hardwood, tile and linoleum floors • Knows where to clean and avoids rugs, carpets and cliffs • Cleans beneath cabinet edges, tables, chairs and other hard-to-reach places • Washes floors with only clean solution and deposits grime into the dirty water tank • Patented cleaning system covers each area of the floor an average of 5 times • http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=128

17. Dirt Dogs Shop Sweeping Robot • Tough-as-nails cleaning tactics pick up woodchips, nuts, bolts, leaves and rugged debris • Sweeps patios, workshops, garages, basements and other industrial grade floors  • Cleans under workbenches, cars, and hard-to-reach places while avoiding stairs and drop-offs • High-speed Counter-Rotating Brushes are specially designed for rough surfaces • Large, oversized dirt bin holds an amazing amount of debris – just slide it out to empty • http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=272

18. Verro Pool Cleaning Robot • Self-contained cleaning and filter system reduces pool filtration run time • Improves pool water chemical mix and temperature circulation • Removes leaves, hair, sand, dust, debris, algae, bacteria and particles as small as 2 microns • Mesh filter bag captures large debris such as leaves and sand • Fine filter bag captures fine particles such as algae, bacteria and pollen • No installation, no hoses, no booster pumps – just drop it in and let it go! •  http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=316

19. Looj Gutter Cleaning Robot • Avoid climbing and repositioning the ladder multiple times • Works with standard K-style, aluminum, copper, metal or vinyl gutters • Avoid over reaching into gutters from dangerous heights • Cleans a 60-foot section of gutter in just 10 minutes •  http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=354

20. ConnectR Virtual Visiting Robot • Participate in family moments even though you're working late • On a business trip? Read your kids a story and see their faces light up • Join the fun from near or far • Throw a party from a thousand miles away • Tell Fido he's a "good boy" even while you're on vacation

21. Robomow Robot Lawn Mower • Automatic lawnmower that cuts the grass all by itself • Leaves its base station at the pre-set scheduled days and times. At the end of each operation Robomow returns to the Base Station for charging until the next scheduled operation. • Your lawn will be maintained even when you are away from home! • http://www.friendlyrobotics.com/

22. Military and Tactical Robots • Dragon Runner • TALON • ACER • PackBot

23. Dragon Runner • A military robot built for urban combat. • The robot has four wheels, is 15 inches long, less than a foot wide, and 5 inches in height. • very rugged, and can be thrown over fences, up or down stairwells, and from a moving vehicle at 45 miles per hour. • designed for areas too dangerous or inaccessible for human soldiers. • Main use is to relay information such as pictures back to the soldier. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Runner • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmPMlT6XpHM

24. SWORDS TALON • TALON robot is a small, tracked military robot designed for missions ranging from reconnaissance to combat. • one of the fastest robots in the market, one that can travel through sand, water, and snow (up to 100 feet deep) as well as climb stairs. • Costs $230,000 • Grenade launcher, machine gun, and rifle can be placed on this robot. • http://www.foster-miller.com/lemming.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FLvb5odPd4

25. ACER • Roughly the size of a small bulldozer and weighing 2.25 tons, ACER is among the larger of the terrestrial military robots. • Reaches speeds of up to 6.3 mph. • Uses for this robot include clearing obstacles, removing explosives, hauling cargo and disabled vehicles, and serving as a platform for various other tasks, such as clearing buildings and disarming landmines. • Runs on a diesel engine • http://science.howstuffworks.com/military-robot5.htm

26. Packbot • smaller and lighter than the TALON, weighing in at about 40 lbs. • Man-portable • Controlled by a Pentium processor that has been designed specially to withstand rough treatment, Packbot has a GPS system, an electronic compass and temperature sensors built in. • can withstand a 6-foot drop onto concrete. • Main use is to find out where enemy is hiding, but also searches for bombs and other dangers. • http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=171 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaP0waiz43w

27. Space Exploration • Spirit • Opportunity • Robonaut • Sojourner

28. MER-A, Spirit and MER-B Opportunity • Mars Exploration Rover • Two rovers, sent three weeks apart. • Landed on Mars 1/4/04 • Was supposed to last only 90 days; has lasted over 4 years. • Sends back extensive geological analysis of Martian rocks and planetary surface features. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_rover • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_rover • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_OfPxPIBAc

29. Robonaut • http://robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbYj10RYD8c

30. Sojourner Rover • http://www.robothalloffame.org/mars.html

31. Toy Robots • Pleo • Mindstorm • Robosapien

32. Fictional Robots • R2D2 and C3P0 • Rosie • Transformers • I Robot • KITT • WALL•E • EVE

33. Others… • Industrial Robots • Nanorobots • Swarm Robots • Evolutional Robots • Telemarketing Robots (Yikes!) • Etc, etc, etc!