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Critical Dimensions of Indian Investments in Africa ( IIA project). By Chenai Mukumba Assistant Policy Analyst. Research Questions. To what degree have Indian investments impacted local communities?
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Critical Dimensions of Indian Investments in Africa(IIA project) By Chenai Mukumba Assistant Policy Analyst
Research Questions • To what degree have Indian investments impacted local communities? • What is the perception of local communities on the direct social, economic and environmental impact of Indian companies? • Can social, economic and environmental good practices by other Indian and non-Indian companies in other sectors be adopted by Indian companies in agriculture and mining?
Framework of Analysis Three-pronged process: • Undertook a comprehensive literature review to identify relevant social, economic and environmental indicators in both mining and agricultural sectors • Juxtaposed the National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental & Economic responsibilities (NVGs) for India against the selected indicators • Undertook scoping study in each country to verify results of secondary research analysis Results as follows:
Data Collection – Tools and Methodology • Scoping Study • Surveys (structured questionnaires) • Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) with community members largely and one to one interviews
Challenges • Finalisation of countries • Ethiopia - Had to change company, Karuturi, due to likely closure of company • Lack of cooperation from companies: we however managaed to make inroads in Kenya and Uganda
Outline of Research Report I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (+/-10 pages) This section will include: • Background; methodology; rationale for both country and sector selection; the overall survey results; commonalities in challenges and perspectives in the respective countries: the main economic, social and environmental impacts of Indian investments in each country as understood from both the local community perspective (through surveys) as well as the selected company (through interactive sessions) • A summary of the policy implications of the results obtained in the study and recommendations for future policymaking and implementation at the national levels in select ‘host’ African countries as well as good practices as adopted by individual companies II. INTRODUCTION (+/-10 pages) This section will provide: • A description of the structure of the study; methodology; research questions • The aims of the study; an overview of the role and importance of investments in developing regions, particularly Africa; a perspective on policy space autonomy with reference to institutional resources, capabilities, and the political economy. • An overview of the BRICS call for increased investments in Africa and an analysis of individual BRICS country current investment in Africa, trends, shifts, etc. • A summary of Indo-Africa investment: how it compares to Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa
Outline of Research Report III. INDO – AFRICAN INVESMENT (+/- 10 pages) This section will provide: • Comprehensive analysis of India’s investment in Africa: historical context, sectorial, country/region-wise breakups, size of investments • An overview of India’s National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business (NVGs), as set up by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs to assess whether these companies are meeting their social, economic and environmental responsibilities. • An assessment of other regulations governing Indian MNCs such as the Companies Act IV. CASE STUDIES (+/-100 pages: +/- 25 pages/case study) This section will look one company in each selected country in a separate section and provide a comprehensive analysis of the survey results. Below is a general outline for each case study: • Introduction; economic overview; national investment climate environment; national laws, rules and regulations governing foreign investment; country’s bilateral relations with India • Secondary data analysis of social, economic and environmental practices of other companies • Company selected: overview of sector, operation, size, employment (foreign/local), backward/forward linkages, infrastructural investment, account of any campaigns/media on the country, inclusivity, accountability and transparency • Comprehensive analysis of local community survey results as well as other stakeholders and companies • Assessment of each company as per the nine principles of the NVGs that provide Indian multinational companies with a framework for responsible business behaviour when operating in other parts of the world
Outline of Research Report IV. KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (+/-30 pages) The concluding section will draw from the previous assessments to provide useful insights on the impact of the increasing BRICS investments in Africa. Drawing from the Indian experience, it will look at: • Findings from the case studies as divided by sectors • What policies by BRICS countries could facilitate sustainable investment in Africa and make a particular contribution to productive capacity building and employment generation, including: infrastructure development, investments beneficial to local enterprise development (operations with significant local linkages, financial sector investment improving access to finance etc.). • What policies by BRICS countries could help ensure that investment in Africa is conducive to inclusive and sustainable development? • Way forward
