Regional Watch EUROPE – SMALL Markets

1. Broker Version Regional Watch EUROPE– SMALL Markets International MarketsMarket IntelligenceJanuary 2010 FOR BROKERS Disclaimer

2. Regional Dashboard BELGIUM ISRAEL RUSSIA GREECE PORTUGAL TURKEY Click to navigate Currently only available for Managing Agents in password-protected Regional Watch Disclaimer

3. RUSSIA:country dashboard Health 38% Property 36% Misc 1% Liability 3% Motor Personal 10% 12% Health 4% Misc 1% Property 19% Liability 8% MAT 68% click for basic information click for detailed information Back To >Regional Dashboard GDP 2008 USD 1675BN GDP SIZE IN USD BN AND GDP GROWTH OVERVIEW GDP SIZE: 8th worldwide (UK ranks 6th) EASE OF DOING BUSINESS: 120th worldwide GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS: na STRENGTHS: wide range of natural resources, low public sector debt and the world’s 3rd largest foreign exchange reserves. CHALLENGES: uncertainties surrounding structural reform and growth, a faltering privatisation process and a declining population. ECONOMY NON-LIFE DWP 2007 USD 37.3BN DWP SIZE IN USD BN AND DWP GROWTH OVERVIEW SIZE: 16th worldwide (UK ranks 3rd) TOP INSURERS: Ingosstrakh, Reso-Garantiya, Sogaz, Rosno and VSK together control 18% of market share. KEY CLASS: health (compulsory) and property. REINSURANCE: unknown GWP PENETRATION: ~ 2.2% (2008) INSURANCE OVERVIEW SIZE: 22nd for Lloyd’s (UK ranks 2nd) TOP 5 MAs: write 14% of non-life GWP KEY CLASSES: MAT and property REINSURANCE: USD 144mn (2008) GWP MARKET SHARE: ~ 0.4% (2008) STATUS: no direct licence. Reinsurance is permitted. NO OFFICE GWP SIZE IN USD MN AND DWP GROWTH NON-LIFE GWP 2008 USD 150MN LLOYD’S COMPULSORY CLASSES: 3rd party liability (aviation & motor), professional indemnity (notaries, real estate brokers custom agents & auditors), workers compensation and health. REGULATOR OF INSURERS AND INTERMEDIARIES: www.fssn.ru AGENTS used to be the sole distributors during the communist era but now play a smaller (but significant) role. BROKERS currently play a small role estimated at 10% -15% of market share. Major international brokers include Aon, JLT, Marsh and Willis. BANCASSURANCE despite the strong relationship between Russian insurers and banks, this channel remains weak and is estimated to hold a 3% market share. DISTRIBUTION REGULATIONS Susceptible to frost (high), winter storms and flooding (med) and earthquakes (low). CATASTROPHES Market Intelligence data based on: Clyde & Co articles, Global Edge, Global Opportunities, Ingosstrakh, Lloyd’s Crystal, Lloyd’s Xchanging, Munich Re, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Swiss Re Sigma and the World Economic Outlook Database. DWP = direct written premiums. GWP = gross written premium (includes reinsurance). Claims ratio = claims as % of GWP earned from 2005 to 2008. Disclaimer

4. RUSSIA:economy Back To > Country Dashboard Russia is amongst the world’s key emerging markets. Its economy has demonstrated very strong growth over the last few years and the IMF has forecast a CAGR of 13% (in local currency) over the next 5 years to reach a total of approximately USD 2,127bn by 2014. The Russian economy is attracting increasing volumes of foreign direct investment as it continues to grow and is developing good trade relationships with both China and Japan. Key sectors of the economy demonstrating strong economic growth are: construction (momentarily slowed), banking, retail and IT. The Russian economy does however face some challenges to future growth stemming from a strong oil dependency, political uncertainties, a faltering privatisation process and the burden of an ageing population. overview RUSSIA:insurance market HISTORY: From 1918 through to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian insurance market was a state monopoly. The state insurance company, now known as Rosgosstrakh, was founded in 1921. Ingosstrakh, established from Rosgosstrakh to conduct international business, followed in 1947. With the creation of the Russian Federation in 1991, the insurance market was liberalised and a Federal Law on insurance passed in 1993. Since liberalisation, the market has witnessed a strong transformation on the back of increasing personal wealth, a broadening of the products range and the introduction of compulsory health and motor. MARKET TRENDS: Positive aspects of this market transformation include: (i) strong premium growth, (ii) changing market structure through consolidation, (iii) an increase in brokers’ market share, (iv) an improving regulatory regime and (v) a growing presence of foreign players. Some challenges still remain however, and include: (i) inadequate capitalisation of local (re)insurance companies, (ii) public distrust of financial services, (iii) insufficient qualified staff and (iv) low reporting transparency. MARKET GROWTH: Growth in the Russian insurance market has been very strong over the last decade (CAGR of approximately 30%), although it has been slowing down perceptibly, from 50% in 2000 to 25% in 2008. Note that DWP growth figures are based on local currency, to eliminate the effect of foreign exchange. MARKET PROFITABILITY: The Russian insurance market is characterised by high premiums and low claims; the latter possibly due to a lack of major catastrophe events and a low litigiousness levels. Local insurance companies however, report low profitability levels, most probably due to their need to invest heavily in improving their IT system and relatively unskilled workforce. overview NON-LIFE DWP SIZE IN USD BN AND GROWTH FROM 1998 For further information read ‘Summary of the development of the insurance market in Russia in 2007’ by Ingosstrakh, ‘Russian Insurance Market 2009’ by PWC and ‘Russia 2010: A Lloyd’s view’ from Lloyd’s Market Intelligence department. Disclaimer

5. RUSSIA:insurance market Motor Personal 2% 13% Liability 10% Property 75% Back To > Country Dashboard MARKET STRUCTURE: Like most emerging markets, Russia suffers from a low level of capitalisation, which combined with a regulatory structure and legislation in force since 2004, has led to a significant reduction in the number of insurers present within the Russian market. The number of registered insurers in 2008 was 786, with the top 5 (see below) controlling approximately 18% of market share. INGOSSTRAKH: Established in 1947 as state run but now privatised. Earned USD 1.37bn in 2008 (3.7% of market share). The majority of its portfolio is property (60%). www.ingos.ru/en/ RESO-GARANTIYA: Established in 1991 as one of the first privately owned Russian insurers. Earned USD 1.23bn in 2008 (3.3% of market share). The majority of its portfolio is property (55%) and motor (20%). AXA acquired a 36.7% stake in 2008, with an option to increase the stake to 100% in 2011. SOGAZ: Established in 1993 as a subsidiary of GazProm (the state owned gas company), it has strong connections to the Russian gas industry. Earned USD 1.16bn in 2008 (3.1% market share). The majority of its portfolio is property (55%) and personal (38%). www.en.sogaz.ru ROSNO: Earned USD 0.9bn in 2008 (2.4% market share). The majority of its portfolio is motor (40%), voluntary health (25%) and property (21%). Allianz acquired a 97% stake in 2008. www.rosno.com/en/ VSK: Earned USD 0.69bn in 2008 (1.8% market share). www.vsk.ru/ FOREIGN INSURERS: There has been a growing interest on behalf of foreign insurers to enter the Russian market since its liberalisation, most notably Allianz in 1990, AIG in 1994, ACE in 2005, Zurich in 2007 (66% stake in Nasta – a major personal lines player) and AXA in 2008. Foreign players can enter the Russian market either by (i) establishing a subsidiary or (ii) entering into a joint venture with a Russian partner. The establishment of branch offices is currently not allowed, although this may change as Russia enters WTO (World Trade Organisation). Challenges currently facing foreign insurers in the Russian market are: (i) a lack of strong brand recognition and (ii) a domination of distribution channels by state owned insurers. players REINSURANCE BREAKDOWN 2007 The current reinsurance market is dominated by domestic insurers Ingosstrakh and Rosgosstrakh, and by specialist domestic reinsurers such as Kapital Re, Transsib Re and Russian Re. This dominance is set to change and shift towards foreign reinsurers as regulations and capitalisation requirements tighten. Current foreign reinsurers active in the Russian market include Swiss Re, Munich Re, Hannover Re, Axa Re and Lloyd’s. reinsurance For further information read ‘Summary of the development of the insurance market in Russia in 2007’ by Ingosstrakh, ‘Russian Insurance Market 2009’ by PWC and ‘Russia 2010: A Lloyd’s view’ from Lloyd’s Market Intelligence department. Disclaimer

6. RUSSIA:insurance market by class 200% 172% 150% 96% 94% 100% 70% 55% 57% 55% 52% 33% 50% 28% 8% 8% 0% Property Liability Personal Motor Misc Health Back To > Country Dashboard CLAIMS RATIO FOR 2006 AND 2007 NON-LIFE DWP 2007 USD 37.3BN Health 38% Property 36% Misc 1% Liability 3% Motor Personal 10% 12% The Russian insurance market is dominated by two key classes: property (voluntary) and health (compulsory). The other compulsory class in Russia is motor, and together the two compulsory classes account for approximately half (48%) of non-life DWP. Health dominates the compulsory sector of the market accounting for 75% of premiums in 2007, whilst property dominates the voluntary sector of the market, accounting for 68% of the premiums in 2007. Lloyd’s writes a very small proportion of the compulsory market (approx 0.03%), but a considerably larger proportion of the voluntary market (approx 0.75%). HEALTH: Health premiums aimed at providing basic medical cover for the Russian population are paid by the government to specific insurance companies, most established specifically for this purpose. Health accounted for USD 14.2bn worth of premiums in 2007 and is characterised by a high claims ratios (approx 95%). PROPERTY: The penetration in Russia remains low, with an estimated 15% of properties insured, and good scope for future growth. Property alone accounted for approximately USD 13.4bn in 2007 and is characterised by a low claims ratio (approx 30%). Lloyd’s wrote USD 30m worth of premiums in 2007 – a 0.08% market share. MOTOR: Third party motor liability was made compulsory in 2003, and initially acted as a major driver for growth. Claims ratio for motor are medium (approx 65%). LIABILITY: This class is underdeveloped in Russia and has been growing very slowly over the last few years. Rosno and Ingosstrakh dominate the liability market (worth approximately USD 1.1bn in 2007), where D&O insurance is the dominant product. The class is characterised by a very low claims ratio (approx 8%). Lloyd’s wrote USD 12m worth of premiums in 2007 – a 1.1% market share. MAT: the size of this class in Russia is currently unknown. It is believed that the marine sector is dominated by large domestic insurance companies (the main player being Ingosstrakh with an estimated 60% of market share). The aviation market is underinsured and remains one of the most dangerous aviation sectors in the world. Ingosstrakh is a major player in the aviation sector, and foreign companies play an important role as reinsurers. CAR: Penetration is low but the class is growing and there is talk of making it compulsory. With its close ties to the gas industry, Sogaz is a major player in this class. ANALYSIS BY CLASS For further information read ‘Summary of the development of the insurance market in Russia in 2007’ by Ingosstrakh, ‘Russian Insurance Market 2009’ by PWC and ‘Russia 2010: A Lloyd’s view’ from Lloyd’s Market Intelligence department. Disclaimer

7. RUSSIA:insurance market by district Back To > Country Dashboard THE 7 FEDERAL DISTRICTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ANALYSIS BY DISTRICT (1) Central FD, (2) Southern FD, (3) Northwestern FD, (4) Far Eastern FD, (5) Siberian FD, (6) Urals FD and (7) Volga FD. CLASS BREAKDOWN BETWEEN THE CENTRAL FD AND OTHER FD’s NON-LIFE DWP BREAKDOWN BY DISTRICT 2007 100% (4) 2% (2) 6% 70% 68% 75% (5) 7% 61% 50% 50% 50% 50% (6) 9% 50% 39% 32% 30% (1) 51% (3) 11% 25% 0% (7) 14% Property Liability Personal Motor Health Just over half of the insurance market (USD 19bn) is concentrated within the Central Federal District (CFD), which includes the city of Moscow. The majority of liability in Russia (70%) is written in the CFD, along with half of the property and personal lines business. The breakdown by class within the CFD is property (43%), liability (5%), personal (14%), motor (9%) and health (29%). For further information read ‘Summary of the development of the insurance market in Russia in 2007’ by Ingosstrakh, ‘Russian Insurance Market 2009’ by PWC and ‘Russia 2010: A Lloyd’s view’ from Lloyd’s Market Intelligence department. Disclaimer

8. RUSSIA:Lloyd’s position LIABILITY 100% PROPERTY 80% MAT 60% MISC 40% HEALTH 20% 0% 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Back To > Country Dashboard CLASS GWP AS % OF TOTAL DWP LLOYD’S GWP SIZE (USD MN) AND GROWTH OVERVIEW Lloyd’s GWP growth since 2002 has been erratic but largely positive. CAGR since 2002 has been approximately 20%. The chart on the right illustrates how the different classes have been fairing within Lloyd’s, as a percentage of total GWP written by Lloyd’s, from 2001. Lloyd’s key class (MAT) has always contributed the majority of Lloyd’s GWP. Lloyd’s top 10 managing agents write approximately 30% of GWP, whilst Lloyd’s top 10 brokers place approximately 50% of Lloyd’s GWP RUSSIA:distribution Prior to the liberalisation of the Russian insurance market, tied agents were the sole distributors. They still remain significant today, with Rosgosstrakh (established during the communist era) benefiting from an unparalleled network. Brokers entered the market at liberalisation and are now estimated to handle a 10% to 15% market share. Bancassurance is believed to control a 3% market share. overview The top 5 insurance brokers in Russia control approximately 70% of the broker’s market share. Of these 5 players, 3 are Russian (Insurance Broker NBSK, Insurance House Vostochnye Brokery and Insurance Broker Malakut) and 2 are international (Marsh and Aon). The top insurance broker (NBSK) controls approximately 45% of the brokers’ market share. The number of registered brokers has been on the rise from 67 in 2006 to 87 in 2007 and 127 in 2008. In 2008, total brokerage income comprised approximately USD 130m, equivalent to 0.3% of 2008 total premiums. 88% of brokerage service contracts concluded in 2008 were on behalf of individuals, 11% on behalf of legal entities and the remaining 1% on behalf of insurance companies. Brokerage business is largely concentrated in Moscow (58%) – the financial centre of the country. St Petersburg sees the second largest concentration at 9%. It should be noted that, due to existing legislation, brokers may not be remunerated directly by insurers. Some brokers have however put in place some service agreements with insurers, to take into account any work they may do for them. brokers For further information read ‘Summary of the development of the insurance market in Russia in 2007’ by Ingosstrakh, ‘Russian Insurance Market 2009’ by PWC and ‘Russia 2010: A Lloyd’s view’ from Lloyd’s Market Intelligence department. Lloyd’s data from Xchanging. Disclaimer

9. RUSSIA:regulations Back To > Country Dashboard Russia’s insurance market now benefits from a developed regulatory and legislative structure. The regulatory body is the Federal Insurance Supervision Service; a division of the Russian Ministry of Finance. Since 2004, new regulations have (i) required an increase in capital reserves, (ii) required all brokers to obtain a licence, (iii) prescribed how to allocate assets and (iv) required the separation of business lines. This tightening of regulations has lead to many insurers leaving the market or merging together. Minimum capital requirements are still comparatively low, with the consequence that, notwithstanding the decreasing trend, the number of licensed insurers is still very high. There is currently continuing discussion regarding the possible extension of compulsory insurance to embrace other classes. OVERVIEW RUSSIA:catastrophes In the last decade, Russia has been hit by earthquakes (Sakhalin, 2007, ~USD 500m), cold fronts (Moscow, 2006, approximately USD 1bn) and flooding (Southern Russia, 2002, approximately USD 1bn over 2 events). The most recent event was an explosion at the RusHydro dam in 2009 (estimated at USD 1.4bn), whilst the most expensive recorded event to date (at an estimated USD 2bn) were the floods of 1991 in Volgograd. Climate change is likely to affect Russia in terms of the frequency and nature of future natural disasters. Russia will likely see an increase in forest fires, droughts and flooding, but may benefit from reduced temperatures and cold related incidents. Russia could also potentially stand to gain from an increase in arable land as permafrost melts. CATASTROPHES Data on distribution from a PWC report on the Russian Insurance Market. Data on Lloyd’s from Xchanging. Disclaimer

10. Appendix:Lloyd’s Data Limitations Back To >Regional Dashboard Please note the information contained in this document is based upon data collected from Xchanging and may be incomplete for some classes of business; for instance a substantial figure, which is missing from the REG 258 data set is comprised of UK Motor, which is not processed by Xchanging. Gross Premiums: Original and additional inward premiums, plus any amount in respect of administration fees or policy expenses remitted with a premium but before the deduction of outward reinsurance premiums. Lloyd’s figures are based on gross written premiums based on figures processed by Xchanging by processing year and country of origin. Country of Origin: denotes the country from where demand for the insurance / reinsurance emanates; i.e. the coverholder or policyholder, irrespective of the country to which the risk is classified for regulatory reporting purposes. Processing Year: relates to the calendar year in which the premium, additional or return premium is processed by Xchanging, irrespective of the actual underwriting year of account of the risks (which is determined by the inception date of each risk). Example: A policy holder in the UK insuring a holiday home in France would be classified as a UK risk by Country Of Origin, but French for regulatory reporting purposes. Similarly a risk incepting on 1st December 2007 would be classified at 2007 underwriting year of account but may not be processed by Xchanging until 2008 and so be allocated to the 2008 processing year Disclaimer

11. Disclaimer This document is intended for general information purposes only. Whilst all care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information Lloyd's does not accept any responsibility for any errors or omissions. Lloyd's does not accept any responsibility or liability for any loss to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of, but not limited to, any statement, fact, figure, expression of opinion or belief obtained in this document.