Types of AID

1. Types of AID KEY KNOWLEDGE 2.1 - Different types of aid, including emergency aid, bilateral and multilateral, non government organization aid, and how they are used to achieve global health and sustainable human development. KEY SKILLS Identify and explain different types of aid and evaluate their contribution to achieving improvements in global health and human development.

2. AID • Often referred to as Official Development Assistance (ODA) • Can refer to assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements. • Aid can come in many forms- money, food, water, clothing, medical supplies etc. • Four main types of aid

3. EMERGENCY AID • The rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering, during and after man-made emergencies such as wars and natural disasters such as flood, tsunami or earthquake. The term emergency aid can also be called ‘humanitarian aid’. (VCAA) • Includes the sending of food, medicine, clothing, temporary shelters and personnel to areas affected by disaster/unexpected emergencies. • The aim is to respond quickly and to help people stay alive during the crisis. It is designed to be short term. • It does not address the basic cause of poverty and is not sustainable. • Come from a range of sources e.g. gov, NGO, UN, WHO. • Doesn’t address the underlying causes of poverty • While emergency aid is short term and doesn’t address the underlying causes of poverty it allows communities to have improved health outcomes and improved environments. Therefore achieves GH/SHD.

4. Australia provides aid to countries in times of natural disasters by providing food supplies, medical teams and equipment, transport, law and order personnel, and communication resources. In the Maldives, tents were supplied to give families a place to live when their homes were destroyed by the Indian Ocean tsunami.

5. BILATERAL AID • Where aid is given by one country directly to another. An example of bilateral aid is when Australia provides aid to East Timor. (VCAA) • Through consultation, the donating country works with the government of the country receiving the aid to ensure that the implemented programs meet the needs of the country and its people. • Projects can be large or small communities projects. E.g immunization programs to large regional development schemes such as water treatment plant. • This type of aid sometimes attracts criticism, as the goods and services may be provided by companies from the donating country, thereby favouring the economy of that country.

6. MULTILATERAL AID • Where aid is provided through an international organisation, such as the World Bank, United Nations or World Health Organization. Multilateral aid combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to the recipients. (VCAA) • Aid that is provided by many countries and distributed through international organisations such as the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Food Programme. • It is also allocated to large-scale projectswhich include emergency relief and funding for global warming and control of disease, major infrastructure projects such as building of roads.

7. NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS (NGO) • NGOs take different approaches to aid, which include specific projects or programs, emergency aid, volunteering, education and development. The aid provided by NGOs often focus on communities. (VCAA) • Non profit organization/work. • Works separate from the national government. • Their work is usually focused on meeting basic health needs, community development and participation, and emergency or humanitarian assistance. • Each NGO group has its own focus and specialty e.g. women, children, education. • They tend to focus their work among the very poor and tend to be small scale health care projects that involve community participation and development. • Many programs focus on education. • Eg’s include World Vision, Care Australia, Oxfam.

8. TEST: WHAT TYPE OF AID ARE THESE? • Funding provided by the Australian Government to the Government of East Timor to improve water supply and education programs. • Providing post graduate scholarships to students which enables them to study then work in Australia. • Sending medical personnel over to a country devastated by flood. • Providing food to a country experiencing drought. • Providing funds to the World Health Organisation in support of the global eradication of polio and iodine deficiency • After consulting with government of a developing country, funding is provided to an Australia company to build a bridge linking two major cities. • World Vision workers working with the local community in a remote village in Bangladesh to install wells and pit latrines to provide safe water and sanitation. • Workers from Community Aid Abroad providing seed and agricultural information to a small community to grow their own crops. • Providing blankets, clothing and medical supplies to help victims of a civil war.

9. CHECK LIST • Read pages 414-415 in text book. • Copy notes from PPT into workbook. • Complete questions on aid in booklet. • Get help NOW if you can’t answer the exam questions.