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Relative concentration of H + ions in water HOH ↔ H + + OH -

pH. ------- -1 ------- ------- 0 ------- ------- 1 ------- ------- 2 ------- ------- 3 ------- ------- 4 ------- ------- 5 ------- ------- 6 ------- ------- 7 ------- ------- 8 ------- ------- 9 ------- ------- 10 -------

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Relative concentration of H + ions in water HOH ↔ H + + OH -

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  1. pH ------- -1 ------- ------- 0 ------- ------- 1 ------- ------- 2 ------- ------- 3 ------- ------- 4 ------- ------- 5 ------- ------- 6 ------- ------- 7 ------- ------- 8 ------- ------- 9 ------- ------- 10 ------- ------- 11 ------- ------- 12 ------- ------- 13 ------- ------- 14 ------- • Relative concentration of H+ ions in water • HOH ↔ H+ + OH- - O + H H

  2. pH Acidic ------- -1 ------- ------- 0 ------- ------- 1 ------- ------- 2 ------- ------- 3 ------- ------- 4 ------- ------- 5 ------- ------- 6 ------- ------- 7 ------- ------- 8 ------- ------- 9 ------- ------- 10 ------- ------- 11 ------- ------- 12 ------- ------- 13 ------- ------- 14 ------- • Relative concentration of H+ ions in water • HOH ↔ H+ + OH- • Equilibrium of: • Water (HOH or H2O) • Hydrogen ion (H+) • Hydroxide ion (OH-) • Acid • Low pH (high H+) • Base (alkaline) • High pH (low H+) • Neutral • pH = 7.00 (H+ = OH-) Neutral Basic

  3. pH Acidic ------- -1 ------- ------- 0 ------- ------- 1 ------- ------- 2 ------- ------- 3 ------- ------- 4 ------- ------- 5 ------- ------- 6 ------- ------- 7 ------- ------- 8 ------- ------- 9 ------- ------- 10 ------- ------- 11 ------- ------- 12 ------- ------- 13 ------- ------- 14 ------- Color transition zone • Litmus test • Red is acid • Blue is base • Still used as color code for acids/bases • NOT precise, however Neutral Basic

  4. pH Acidic ------- -1 ------- ------- 0 ------- ------- 1 ------- ------- 2 ------- ------- 3 ------- ------- 4 ------- ------- 5 ------- ------- 6 ------- ------- 7 ------- ------- 8 ------- ------- 9 ------- ------- 10 ------- ------- 11 ------- ------- 12 ------- ------- 13 ------- ------- 14 ------- • Buffers • Chemicals that absorb excess acids and bases added to the solution • Buffered solutions do not change in pH (very much) when acids or bases are added • Buffers can be used up • Redundancy • Multiple mechanisms • Maximizes safety Neutral Basic

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