1.3 Evaluating Limits Analytically Objective: Evaluate a limit using properties of limits

1. 1.3 Evaluating Limits AnalyticallyObjective: Evaluate a limit using properties of limits Miss Battaglia AB/BC Calculus

2. Properties of Limits • Remember that the limit of f(x) as x approaches c does not depend on the value of f at x=c… But it might happen! • Direct substitution • substitute x for c • These functions are continuous at c

3. Properties of Limits Theorem 1.1 Some Basic Limits Let b and c be real numbers and let n be a positive integer. 1. 2. 3. • Example: Evaluating Basic Limits a) b) c)

4. Theorem 1.2: Properties of Limits Let b and c be real numbers, let n be a positive integer, and let f and g be functions with the following limits. and Scalar Multiple: Sum or difference: Product: Quotient: Power:

5. The Limit of a Polynomial

6. Theorem 1.3: Limits of Polynomial and Rational Functions If p is a polynomial function and c is a real number, then If r is a rational function given by r(x)=p(x)/q(x) and c is a real number such that q(c)≠0, then

7. The Limit of a Rational Function • Find the limit:

8. Theorem 1.4: The Limit of a Rational Function Let n be a positive integer. The following limit is valid for all c if n is odd, and is valid for c>0 if n is even. Theorem 1.5: The Limit of a Composite Function If f and g are functions such that and , then

9. Limit of a Composite Function • f(x)=x2 + 4 and g(x)= • Find • Find • Find

10. Theorem 1.6: Limits of Trigonometric Functions Let c be a real number in the domain of the given trigonometric function. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Examples: a. b. c.

11. Theorem 1.7: Functions that Agree at All But One Point Let c be a real number and let f(x)=g(x) for all x≠c in an open interval containing c. If the limit of g(x) as x approaches c exists, then the limit of f(x) also exists and • Find the limit:

12. Dividing Out Technique • Find the limit:

13. Rationalizing Technique • Find the limit:

14. Theorem 1.8: The Squeeze Theorem If h(x) < f(x) < g(x) for all x in an open interval containing c,except possibly at c itself, and if then exists and is equal to L. Theorem 1.9: Two Special Trig Limits 1. 2.

15. Extra Example

16. A Limit Involving a Trig Function • Find the limit:

17. A Limit Involving a Trig Function • Find the limit:

18. Classwork/Homework • Read 1.3 • Page 67 #17-75 every other odd, 85-89, 107, 108, 117-122