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Local Anesthetics

Local Anesthetics. Administration. Topical - applied to surface of skin Transdermal - drug applied to skin w/ the intention it will penetrate into the tissues Infiltration - injected directly into an area - allowed to diffuse Peripheral Nerve Block - injected into a nerve trunk

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Local Anesthetics

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  1. Local Anesthetics

  2. Administration • Topical - applied to surface of skin • Transdermal - drug applied to skin w/ the intention it will penetrate into the tissues • Infiltration - injected directly into an area - allowed to diffuse • Peripheral Nerve Block - injected into a nerve trunk • Central Nerve Block (Epidural) - between vertebrae & dura mater

  3. Mechanism of Action • Medicine binds to sodium channels within a nerve (axon) to block release of sodium - prevents transmission of nerve impulse • Combine with epinephrine to vasoconstrict local blood vessels to prevent spread of medicine

  4. Advantages rapid recovery less residual effects no post op. confusion doesn’t affect other systems Risks not complete requires time to achieve anesthesia Local Anesthetics

  5. Examples • Marcaine (Bupivacaine) • Xylocaine (Lidocaine) • Carbocaine (Novocain)

  6. Opioid Analgesics(Narcotics)

  7. Opioid Analgesics • Characteristics - • Similar to opium; morphine extracted from dried poppy seeds • Relieves moderate to severe pain - illness, surgery, trauma, chronic pain • Treatment for severe diarrhea

  8. Opioid Analgesics • Administration • Ingestion • Injection • Mechanism of Action • prevent release of excitatory neurotransmitter • cause release of endorphins & enkephalins • Blocks Na+ and K+ in the thalamus

  9. Opioid Analgesics cont. • Adverse Effects • drowsiness, respiratory depression, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sleep • decrease cough • can be addicting • impair thinking & physical abilities • tolerance

  10. Opioid Analgesics • Examples • Schedule II • (Morphine) • Demerol (Meperidine) • (Codeine) • Percodan (oxycodone w/ASA) • Schedule IV • Darvon (propoxephene)

  11. As an allied healthcare professional, what is your responsibility relating to narcotics?

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