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LT Bradley Sherer Environmental Engineer Indian Health Service Albuquerque Area Office

Effective Project Planning, Community Capacity Building, & Partnership Development in Indian Country. LT Bradley Sherer Environmental Engineer Indian Health Service Albuquerque Area Office Office of Environmental Health & Engineering Sanitation Facilities Construction. Topics.

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LT Bradley Sherer Environmental Engineer Indian Health Service Albuquerque Area Office

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  1. Effective Project Planning, Community Capacity Building, & Partnership Development in Indian Country LT Bradley Sherer Environmental Engineer Indian Health Service Albuquerque Area Office Office of Environmental Health & Engineering Sanitation Facilities Construction

  2. Topics • Project Planning – Implementation of the PMPro model • Analysis of Filtration Technology – Meeting the needs of a rural Indian community • Community Capacity Building – Methods used to equip the community with knowledge of project planning • Strengthening Relationships Between IHS/Tribe/EPA

  3. Background & History • Mescalero Apache Tribe, New Mexico • 2006: Two water systems that utilize fresh water springs were classified by EPA as Groundwater Under the Influence of Surface Water • 2010: Order on Consent Issued – EPA wanted compliance within 18 months • IHS & Tribe partnered to develop and implement a plan to identify solutions to meeting the EPA requirements

  4. Background & History

  5. Project Planning • Current IHS Sanitation Facilities Construction Project Management Guideline • Project Development • Identify Project – Who, What, Where, When, Why? • Identify Planning Activities – What needs to be done, what information is needed? • Planning & Design • Execute Planning Activities – Data collection • Report of Findings – Engineering Report (used for design) • Construction Documents • Construction • Close-out

  6. Project Development • Identify Project – New Water Source or Treatment Technology • Identify Planning Activities – Alternatives Analysis Report • Groundwater • Characteristics of Current Groundwater, Formations, etc. • Hydrogeologic Study – Preliminary Siting of New Well • Filtration • Conventional vs. Alternative • Current Water Quality • Objective of the Alternatives Analysis – Clearly present all options to the Tribe so they can make a well informed choice on meeting compliance • Tribe Submitted Project Development to EPA

  7. 2. Planning & Design • Execute Planning Activities • Data Collection • Prepare Alternatives Analysis Report • Seek input from stakeholders – Tribe & EPA • Identify potential risks and how to mitigate • Obtain chosen alternative from Tribe • Report of Findings – Finalized Alternatives Analysis Report

  8. Regulatory Framework • Surface Water Treatment Rule (1989): • MCLG of zero for girardia, viruses, & Legionella • National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for PWSs using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GWUDI) • 99.9% (3-log) removal of girardia, 99.99% (4-log) removal of viruses • Definition of GWUDI – shifts in turbidity, temperature, conductivity, pH that correlate with climate conditions • Approved Technology: Conventional/direct filtration, slow sand, diatomaceous earth, and “other” filtration technologies

  9. Regulatory Framework • Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule: • Cryptosporidium • Bin Classification System • Filter Backwash Rule – reporting, treatment, and record keeping requirements for the recycling of spent filter backwash • Bin 1: 99.9% (3-log) removal of girardia and 99.99% (4-log) removal of viruses combined with disinfection

  10. Analysis of Filtration Immediate Compliance • Direct Filtration: coagulation and filtration, excludes sedimentation • Conventional Filtration: coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation • Diatomaceous Earth Filtration: precoat filter media on a support filter media • Slow Sand Filtration: <0.4 m/hr • Alternative Filtration: membrane (micro, ultra, nano, ro), bag, cartridge, bank Contingent Compliance

  11. Alternative Filtration • Immediately disregarded – not immediate compliance, pilot testing required • Section 141.73 (b) of NPDWR – Approval of alternative filtration with the following: • Combined with disinfection • Demonstration to the State using pilot & integrity testing • 99.9% removal and/or inactivation of Giardia • 99.99% removal and/or inactivation of viruses • 99% removal of Cryptosporidium • The State approves the use of the filtration technology

  12. Alternative Filtration • EPA agreed compliance with the following exceptions: • Role of the “state” would be Region 6 • Challenge test documents forwarded to them • Pre-filters installed

  13. Evaluation CriteriaRisk, Cost, O&M, Sophistication

  14. Evaluation Criteria

  15. Presenting Alternatives Analysis

  16. Results • Groundwater option chosen • Final Report Published - EPA funded the project to drill wells • IHS funding infrastructure & capital improvements • Application to another GWUDI system • Tribe working more independently to scope planning projects • Results in other funding sources • EPA working more closely/directly with Tribe • Limited role of IHS • Application to ISWMP

  17. Questions?

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