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Matter, Energy, and the Universe: Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Explore the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy in the universe, from elementary particles to gravitational forces. Learn about the search for these elusive components through collisions and experimental methods.

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Matter, Energy, and the Universe: Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy

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  1. Matter, Energy, and the Universe Martin L. Perl (martin@slac.stanford.edu) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at Stanford University Talk presented at University of Belgrade, April 2009

  2. DARK MATTER ? ORDINARY MATTER electrons atoms molecules people stars ORDINARY ENERGY chemical electrical nuclear gravitational DARK ENERGY ? ?

  3. ORDINARY MATTER electrons atoms molecules people stars

  4. All ordinary matter made up of Elementary Particles

  5. The Electron is an elementary particle We cannot break it up into smaller parts

  6. The Electron is an elementary particle Mass =10-27 grams = 1 gram /1000000….00000 Size less than 10-16 centimeters May have no size Smallest electric charge known

  7. The Electron is an elementary particle electric field perhaps no center

  8. 10

  9. ORDINARY ENERGY chemical electrical nuclear gravitational

  10. Chemical Energy

  11. Electrical Energy

  12. Nuclear Energy

  13. Gravitational Energy in the Universe

  14. Gravitational energy is more important than all other ordinary energies in the behavior of the universe.

  15. Gravitational Energy on Earth

  16. Gravitational Energy in the Heavens Sun OUR GALAXY

  17. DARK MATTER ?

  18. Dark Matter In the 1930’3 Zwicky showed that the velocity of galaxies would cause a cluster to fall apart unless the galaxies has hidden mass called Dark Matter

  19. Dark Matter Assumed distribution of dark matter in Solar System

  20. Dark Matter

  21. Dark Matter

  22. Dark Matter We hypothesize that Dark Matter consists on a new type of electrically neutral, elementary particle; but there is no proof. Therefore on earth there are two kinds of searches for the Dark Matter particle.

  23. Dark Matter First Method: Assume the earth is passing through Dark Matter particles and look for collisions with ordinary matter. No confirmed evidence

  24. Dark Matter When Large Hadron Collider in Geneva starts, look for Dark Matter particles

  25. Dark Matter Warning: Some astronomers don’t believe in the existence of Dark Matter. Instead they change the equations describing the behavior of gravity.

  26. DARK ENERGY ? ?

  27. Dark Energy • First evidence, 10 years old, • that we do not understand the • rate of expansion of the universe. • A great surprise. • A great mystery

  28. Dark Energy Present model, not proven Visible universe

  29. Dark Energy Present model, not proven • 4 % ordinary matter + ordinary • energy • 26 % Dark Matter + ordinary • energy • 70 % Dark Energy

  30. Dark Energy Dark Energy is a new kind of energy hypothesized to fill all of space. Therefore should be on earth also. Most physicists believe its effects on earth are too small to be detected. I disagree and am looking for an experimental method to directly detect Dark Energy.

  31. There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. Shakespeare

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