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Botany, a philosophy Let’s start with critical thinking. Then, turn our thoughts to bioethics.

Botany, a philosophy Let’s start with critical thinking. Then, turn our thoughts to bioethics. By convention, we accept that the stem is at the top of the apple. Rose Family. Apples are in the Rose Family. Apple blossom. Wild Rose. Crab Apple.

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Botany, a philosophy Let’s start with critical thinking. Then, turn our thoughts to bioethics.

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  1. Botany, a philosophyLet’s start with critical thinking. Then, turn our thoughts to bioethics.

  2. By convention, we accept that the stem is at the top of the apple.

  3. Rose Family

  4. Apples are in the Rose Family Apple blossom Wild Rose Crab Apple

  5. For all practical purposes, we accept that the flower is at the top of the plant. Hybrid Tea Rose

  6. Fruit of a Table Apple Fruit of the Wild Rose

  7. Which side is the top? • Stem or flower

  8. Strawberry is in the RosaceaeWhich is up?

  9. PharmaceuticalsDigitalisBeladonaAloeSalixYewSt. John’s Wort

  10. Echinacea Are opiates good?

  11. CactusDesert

  12. Big news: Human Genome Project is done Bigger news: Over 100 genomes are sequenced

  13. A new effort to map human genetic variation should provide a shortcut for researchers trying to uncover the roots of disease. Carina Dennis profiles the 'HapMap' project. The Human Genome consists of3,000,000,000 Bases • Genes make us succumb to disease. • Where do you start looking? • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) • One base can differ in each person • If SNP inherited with disease, that’s likely it • 10 million SNP scattered, Human Genome • Too many to hunt individually

  14. A new effort to map human genetic variation should provide a shortcut for researchers trying to uncover the roots of disease. Carina Dennis profiles the 'HapMap' project. International HapMap Project • 23 October 2003, Nature • The biggest thing in genomics • Requires comparisons of genomes of different human populations

  15. International HapMap Project • Haplotypes are chunks of genes exchanged during formation of egg and sperm • Crossover is not random • Exchange occurs at particular points • As a result, blocks of sequence inherited • Blocks not broken from ancestors • Blocks are about 10,000 bases or more

  16. A new effort to map human genetic variation should provide a shortcut for researchers trying to uncover the roots of disease. Carina Dennis profiles the 'HapMap' project. Haplotype • DNA sequence of a block is a haplotype • Few common haplotypes in population • HapMap as few as 300,000 SNP may be all that is needed to scan the entire human genome • Scan the entire genome for disease genes • Compare many populations

  17. Ethical Problems? • Will indigenous people object? • Intrude on beliefs? • Privacy? • Personal genetic variations? • Will your HapMap immortalize you? • Pride or prejudice?

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