2007. 6. 7

1. Comparison of post-Monitoring of EIA in Korea with UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual 2007. 6. 7 Lee, Choon won, Dongsung Eng. co. Ltd. (Kwangwon Univ.) Lee, Sang Don, Ewha woman's Univ. Youn, Sung Hyun, Dongsung Eng. co. Ltd. Kang, Sun Hong, Kwangwoon Univ. Han, Sang Wook, Kwangwoon Univ.

2. Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ - Index - Introduction Method Results & discussion Conclusion

3. Ⅰ Introduction

4. 1. Introduction 1.1 General purpose of Post-Project management • To increase Efficiency for EIA implementation. • To meet within the levels predicted and required by EIA law (regulation) • To determine that mitigation plan should be implemented and worked effectively. 1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment in Korea • Almost 150 projects are consulted annually. • In Korea, EIA implementations are undertaken for more then 1,000 sites. 1.3 Significance of this Study • To improve the Korean post-EIA system comparing with UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual in aspect of legislation system and implementation of EIA

5. 1. Introduction 1.4 UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual • What is UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual - The EIA Training Resource Manual is intended to support capacity development in Environmental Impact Assessment. - It is a tool for trainers who have some background experience and understanding of EIA. - It is designed to assist them in preparing and delivering training courses that provide an understanding of, and basic capability in the application of EIA. • Manual design and content - Section A : The manual in perspective - Section B : Capacity building and the environment - Section C : Training needs analysis - Section D : Course design, delivery and evaluation - Section E : Training Topics

6. 1. Introduction 1.4 UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual • Training Topics are structured provide ; - background materials in the form of session outlines - training a activities including detailed group activities and themes for discussion or speakers - references and resource materials • Training Topics content - Topic 1 : Introduction and overview of EIA - Topic 2 : Law, policy and institutional arrangements for EIA systems - Topic 3 : Public involvement - Topic 4 : Screening - Topic 5 : Scoping - Topic 6 : Impact analysis - Topic 7 : Mitigation and impact management - Topic 8 : Reporting - Topic 9 : Review of EIA quality - Topic 10 : Decision-making - Topic 11 : Implementation and follow up - Topic 12 : EIA project management - Topic 13 : Social Impact Assessment - Topic 14 : Strategic Environmental Assessment - Topic 15 : Future directions

7. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • Aims of EIA implementation and follow up are to ; - carry out conditions of approval - ensure they work effectively - verify impacts are as predicted or permitted - take action to manage unforeseen changes - optimize environmental benefits - improve EIA practice in the future • Key components of EIA implementation and follow up include ; - surveillance and supervision - effects or impact monitoring - compliance monitoring - environmental auditing - evaluation of EIA effectiveness and performance - post-project analysis

8. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • Tool box for environmental management and performance review - Internalizing the environment in policy and planning (use SEA, technology assessment, comparative risk assessment) - Planning and designing environmentally sound projects (use EIA, SIA, risk assessment, environmental benefit cost assessment) - Environmental management of the impacts of an operating facility or business enterprise (use EMA (ISO 14000 series), total quality environmental management (TQEM), industrial codes of practice) - Eco-design of processes and products (use environmental design, life cycle assessment, cleaner production) - Monitoring, audit, and evaluation of performance (use effects and compliance monitoring, site, energy, waste, health and safety audits, benchmarking, performance review, environmental auditing)`

9. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • Guiding principles of EIA implementation and follow up ; - carry out conditions of approval - undertake routine surveillance and inspection - other activities should be commensurate with significance - monitoring and auditing should be undertaken when * potential impacts are potentially significant * mitigation measures are untried/ outcomes uncertain * new aspects of EIA introduced • Aspects to consider in design of EIA implementation and follow up ; - what is required ? * identify the scope and components - who will carry out the activities ? * specify roles & responsibilities - how will these be implemented ? * allocate resources, define procedures & arrangements

10. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • Monitoring is used to ; - establish baseline conditions - measure actual impacts and trends - verify they comply with agreed conditions - facilitate impact management - determine the accuracy of impact prediction - review the effectiveness of mitigation measures • Monitoring requirements in the EIA/EMP - impacts to be monitored - objectives and data requirements - arrangements for conduct of monitoring - use of the information collected - response to unanticipated impacts - measures for public reporting and involvement

11. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • For scientifically credible monitoring ; - use methods of a relevant discipline - establish impact and reference sites - result in time series data which can be analysed by * assembling the data in tabular or graphic format * testing for variations that are statistically valid * determining rates and directions of change • Steps to develop an effective monitoring programme ; - define the scope and objectives (for each impact) - identify the boundaries and select sites - choose the key indicators - determine the level of accuracy required in the data - consider how the data will be analysed - establish a data and reporting system - specify thresholds of impact acceptability - set requirements for action on exceedences

12. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • Actions to address excessive impacts or unanticipated changes ; - stop or modify the causal activity - impose penalties if legal standards are breached - add or scale up mitigation measures (if feasible) • EIA audits are used to ; - identify impacts and results - verify conditions of approval are being met - test the accuracy of impact predictions - check the effectiveness of mitigation measures - improve compliance and performance

13. 1.5 Training Topic 11-Implementation and follow up 1. Introduction • EMS audits include ; - site audits - compliance audits - sector & issue audits, e.g. * waste * energy * health and safety * supply chains • Difficulties commonly experienced in EIA Audits - limited baseline information - qualitative and non auditable predictions - changes to project design and mitigation - long lead times for some types of impact

14. Ⅱ Method

15. 2. Method 2.1 Objects of this Study • Legislation of EIA in Korea • Post-project sites undertaken post-monitoring of EIA 2.2 Method • 3 categories for topic 11 according to UNEP EIA Manual. Discordance Well accordance Partial accordance • Introduction of the cases in Korea that has a good accordance with UNEP EIA Manual. • Improvement needed for the cases which not meet UNEP EIA Manual. 2.3 Evaluation • Legislation Use of legislation in Korea • Implementation in site Individuals in charge of post-projectsites(How post-EIA standard meets the UNEP guideline)

16. Ⅲ Results and Discussion

17. 3.1 Results 3.1.1 Classification of Topic 11 • Classification of Topic 11 (UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual) Post-project in General Monitoring EIA Auditing 24 items 26 items 12 items • The number of items categorized by Topic 11 - Post-project in general Section : 24 items - Monitoring Section : 26 items - EIA Auditing Section : 12 items

18. 3.1 Results 3.1.2 EIA related Laws in Korea • Laws for EIA - Laws of Impact Assessment for Environment and Traffic, Disaster (2006) - Enforcement Ordinance of Impact Assessment for Environment and Traffic, Disaster (2006) - Enforcement regulations of Impact Assessment for Environment and Traffic, Disaster (2006) • Laws of Strategy Environment Assessment (SEA) - Fundamental law of Environmental policy (2006) - Enforcement Ordinance of Fundamental law of Environment policy (2006)

19. 3.1 Results 3.1.2 EIA related Laws of Korea • Promulgate for EIA - Provisions for EIA framing (2007) - Provisions for framing and particulars of EIA design (2004) - Standard of cost estimation for EIA achievement (2001) - Promulgate for notice draft-EIA to information network (2004) • Promulgate for Strategy Environment Assessment - Guide for Development of industry location (2006) - Provisions for framing Prior-Environment Review (2006) - Promulgate for review method and review items of Prior-Environment Review on a golf course (2006)

20. 3.1 Results 3.1.2 EIA related Laws of Korea • Established rule for EIA - Provisions for handling affairs of consultation contents management and consulted EIA (2006) - Guide for handling affairs of management and registration EIA agent (2005) - Guide for management of EIA system (2001) • Instruction for EIA - Provisions for mediation council of EIA (2002) - Guide for EIA Dem construction favoring Environment (2006) - Provisions for allotted charges affairs excess to standard of approval (2004) - Provisions for handling affairs of reassessment EIA (1999) - Provisions for handling affairs of examination Post-Environment review (2004)

21. 3.1.3 Evaluation Results 3.1 Results • Total items • Legislation aspects • Implementation aspects

22. 3.1.3 Rating Result 3.1 Results • Result of the EIA in General evaluation • Legislation aspects • Implementation aspects

23. 3.1.3 Rating Result 3.1 Results • Result of the Monitoring • Legislation aspects • Implementation aspects

24. 3.1.3 Rating Result 3.1 Results • Result of the EIA Auditing • Legislation aspects • Implementation aspects

25. 3.2.1 Exemplary Case of well accordance in Korea 3.2 Discussion • General EIA implementation - Confirm that the conditions of project approval are implemented. Aspect of system • Inform that the conditions of approval for the Environment project Law of Impact Assessment for Environment, Traffic, Disaster • Form of Environment Impact Review Report Provisions for Environment Impact review Aspect of implementation • The case ‘informing the condition of approval’ • Investigation of Implementation condition of approval during site survey • Introduction of Environment Impact Review Report

26. 3.2.1 Exemplary Case of well accordance in Korea 3.2 Discussion • Case of Post-Environment Review - This report is reported to the approval agency and the environmental office annually by the proponent.

27. 3.2.1 Exemplary Case of well accordance in Korea 3.2 Discussion • Monitoring - measure actual impacts and trends Aspect of system • Prescription investigation frequency for impacts and effects monitoring Provisions for EIA framing • Specific prescript to compare and analyze results of Impact review Provisions for Environment Impact Review – format of Impact review Aspect of implementation • Performance Monitoring classified by times, monthly, a quarter of a year. • Comparison with achieved data and back-ground data from previous work. • Making report to investigate the mitigation facilities.

28. 3.2.1 Exemplary Case of well accordance in Korea 3.2 Discussion • Sampling data for monitoring - Air quality, water quality, noise & vibration, aquatic ecosystem etc. Water quality Air quality Aquatic ecosystem Noise & vibration

29. 3.2 Discussion 3.2.2 Exemplary Case of lacking in Korea • General EIA implementation - Evaluation of EIA effectiveness and performance Aspect of system • No regulation for a Feed-back • Insufficient study in Feed-back Aspect of implementation • There’s no investigation for the Feed-back in site management. • Partial application to similar projects in activity projects.

30. 3.2 Discussion 3.2.2 Exemplary Case of lacking in Korea • Monitoring - The measures for public reporting and involvement. Aspect of system • There are provision for an impact to stakeholders • The measures of public reporting and involvement were lacking. Aspect of implementation • Determination whether stakeholders participate or not at a step of EIA, in cases of specific.` • Opening to the public and inducing participation to stakeholder and NGOs, in cases of determined project to stakeholders participate.

31. 3.2 Discussion 3.2.2 Exemplary Case of lacking in Korea • EIA Auditing - No system in Korea - only applicable for the EMS Aspect of system • Lacking in application • Application for site at according to EMS system Aspect of implementation • No systematic approach ; however post-monitoring reflects partially` • Post-monitoring report should be checked by developing organization

32. Ⅳ Conclusion

33. 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Remarks 4. Conclusion • In Korea, Overall, 73% achievements (legislation aspect) and 85% (Implementation aspect) • In General EIA implementation, there is 83% from achievements • legislation aspect and 92% from Implementation aspect. • In Monitoring, there is 96% for legislation aspect and 100% for Implementation aspect. Well accordance with Topic 11 • In EIA Auditing, no application in Korea; however 42% from Implementation aspect. • Feed back system should be installed in Korea. • Need public involvement a step of post-project in Korea • Introduction of EIA Auditing should be considered in Korea.

34. Thank you