S7L5.B

1. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B 1. Which of the following factors is necessary in order for natural selection to occur in a species? Agenetic variation within a population B an abundance of food resources Ca hospitable environment Da strong family structure

2. CRCT Preparation 1. Which of the following factors is necessary in order for natural selection to occur in a species? A genetic variation within a population B an abundance of food resources Ca hospitable environment Da strong family structure

3. CRCT Preparation S7L5 2. The branching diagram shows the relationship between several species of finches. Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the tree finch? AGround finch BCocoa finch CVegetarian finch DWarbler finch

4. CRCT Preparation 2. The branching diagram shows the relationship between several species of finches. Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the tree finch? AGround finch B Cocoa finch CVegetarian finch DWarbler finch

5. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B 3. Which of the following is an example of natural selection? Abears moving into a new part of a forest over many generations Ba tree growing towards sunlight Cshrubs growing longer thorns over many generations Da plant growing between rocks

6. CRCT Preparation 3. Which of the following is an example of natural selection? Abears moving into a new part of a forest over many generations Ba tree growing towards sunlight C shrubs growing longer thorns over many generations Da plant growing between rocks

7. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A 4. Charles Darwin noticed that finches on different islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? AThe beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. BSpecific genetic mutations occur that make beak size change in response to random selection factors. CThe different beaks of the finches would one day evolve into identical beaks. DBeak size is related to the size of the finch.

8. CRCT Preparation 4. Charles Darwin noticed that finches on different islands of the Galápagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose? A The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. BSpecific genetic mutations occur that make beak size change in response to random selection factors. CThe different beaks of the finches would one day evolve into identical beaks. DBeak size is related to the size of the finch.

9. CRCT Preparation S7L5 5. A population of organisms is separated into two groups for many years. When will the two populations be considered two different species? Awhen the populations live in different habitats Bwhen the populations eat different food Cwhen the populations behave differently Dwhen the populations can no longer interbreed

10. CRCT Preparation 5. A population of organisms is separated into two groups for many years. When will the two populations be considered two different species? Awhen the populations live in different habitats Bwhen the populations eat different food Cwhen the populations behave differently D when the populations can no longer interbreed

11. CRCT Preparation S7L5 6. The table shows average beak measurements for birds living on three islands. If narrow beaks are best for eating insects, on which island would you expect to find the most birds that eat insects? AVerde Island BAzul Island CRosa Island DVerde Island and Azul Island

12. CRCT Preparation 6. The table shows average beak measurements for birds living on three islands. If narrow beaks are best for eating insects, on which island would you expect to find the most birds that eat insects? A Verde Island BAzul Island CRosa Island DVerde Island and Azul Island

13. CRCT Preparation S7L3.C 7. Which of the following is an example of selective breeding? APopulations of lizards that have a certain trait become more numerous after a change in climate. BFarmers allow only sheep that produce the best wool to breed. CA population of bacteria develops resistance to an antibiotic. DA population of insects develops resistance to a pesticide after farmers repeatedly use the same pesticide to kill the insects.

14. CRCT Preparation 7. Which of the following is an example of selective breeding? APopulations of lizards that have a certain trait become more numerous after a change in climate. B Farmers allow only sheep that produce the best wool to breed. CA population of bacteria develops resistance to an antibiotic. DA population of insects develops resistance to a pesticide after farmers repeatedly use the same pesticide to kill the insects.

15. CRCT Preparation S7L5 8. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection was based partly on his observation that ADNA is the genetic material of all living things. Ball eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Csome organisms have more offspring than others do. Dgarden pea plants can self-pollinate.

16. CRCT Preparation 8. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection was based partly on his observation that ADNA is the genetic material of all living things. Ball eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. C some organisms have more offspring than others do. Dgarden pea plants can self-pollinate.

17. CRCT Preparation S7L3.A 9. In some plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant over wrinkled seeds (r). Which of these genotypes will accurately complete the Punnett square? ARR BRr Crr DrR

18. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 9. In some plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant over wrinkled seeds (r). Which of these genotypes will accurately complete the Punnett square? ARR BRr C rr DrR

19. CRCT Preparation S7L3.A 10. Which of the following best describes the difference between the meanings of phenotype and genotype? AA phenotype is the entire genetic makeup of an organism, whereas a genotype is the combination of genes for one specific trait. BA phenotype is the appearance of an organism, whereas a genotype is the genetic makeup of the organism. CA phenotype is the result of the environment on appearance, whereas a genotype is the result of genes on appearance. DA phenotype is the result of heterozygous alleles, whereas a genotype is the result of homozygous alleles.

20. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 10. Which of the following best describes the difference between the meanings of phenotype and genotype? AA phenotype is the entire genetic makeup of an organism, whereas a genotype is the combination of genes for one specific trait. B A phenotype is the appearance of an organism, whereas a genotype is the genetic makeup of the organism. CA phenotype is the result of the environment on appearance, whereas a genotype is the result of genes on appearance. DA phenotype is the result of heterozygous alleles, whereas a genotype is the result of homozygous alleles.

21. CRCT Preparation S7L3.A 11. The allele for freckles, F, is dominant among humans. If a woman with freckles (FF) and a man without freckles (ff) have children, what are the possible genotypes of the children? AFf BFF, Ff, ff CFf, ff Dff

22. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 11. The allele for freckles, F, is dominant among humans. If a woman with freckles (FF) and a man without freckles (ff) have children, what are the possible genotypes of the children? A Ff BFF, Ff, ff CFf, ff Dff

23. CRCT Preparation S7L3.A 12. Part of a mouse’s tail is cut off as the mouse escapes from a cat. The mouse later reproduces. Which explanation best describes why the mouse’s offspring have long tails? ALong tails are a dominant trait. BShort tails do not appear in the first generation or the second generation. CCutting the tail of the mouse changed its genes. DCutting the tail of the mouse did not change its genes.

24. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 12. Part of a mouse’s tail is cut off as the mouse escapes from a cat. The mouse later reproduces. Which explanation best describes why the mouse’s offspring have long tails? ALong tails are a dominant trait. BShort tails do not appear in the first generation or the second generation. CCutting the tail of the mouse changed its genes. D Cutting the tail of the mouse did not change its genes.

25. CRCT Preparation S7L3.C 13. Which of the following is a process in which humans choose specific mates for organisms, such as dogs or roses, to produce organisms that have desirable traits? Aselective breeding Bsexual reproduction Cgenetic typing Dgenetic counseling

26. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 13. Which of the following is a process in which humans choose specific mates for organisms, such as dogs or roses, to produce organisms that have desirable traits? A selective breeding Bsexual reproduction Cgenetic typing Dgenetic counseling

27. CRCT Preparation S7CS3.A 14. The table shows the results of crosses of pea plants. Based on the information in the table, what is the approximate ratio of yellow seeds to green seeds? A1:3 B 3:1 C3:3 D2:1

28. CRCT Preparation Chapter 5 14. The table shows the results of crosses of pea plants. Based on the information in the table, what is the approximate ratio of yellow seeds to green seeds? A1:3 B3:1 C3:3 D2:1

29. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 15. A population of mosquitoes is sprayed with a new insecticide. Most of the mosquitoes are killed but a few survive. In the next generation, the praying continues, but still more mosquitoes hatch that are unaffected by the insecticide. Which of the following best explains these results? • The insecticide caused a mutation in the genes of the immune mosquitoes. • B. The mosquitoes learned how to fight the insecticide. • C. A few mosquitoes in the first population were immune and passed this trait to their offspring. • D. The insecticide caused the mosquitoes to develop an immune response that was inherited.

30. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 15. A population of mosquitoes is sprayed with a new insecticide. Most of the mosquitoes are killed but a few survive. In the next generation, the praying continues, but still more mosquitoes hatch that are unaffected by the insecticide. Which of the following best explains these results? • The insecticide caused a mutation in the genes of the immune mosquitoes. • B. The mosquitoes learned how to fight the insecticide. • C. A few mosquitoes in the first population were immune and passed this trait to their offspring. • D. The insecticide caused the mosquitoes to develop an immune response that was inherited.

31. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 16. Five hundred grasshoppers of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later nearly all the grasshoppers were dead. A few, however, survived. This outcome illustrates which one of the Darwin’s key ideas? • There are variations among individual within a species. • B. Animals adapt to new environments. • All living things come from pre-existing living things. • New species develop from survivors.

32. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 16. Five hundred grasshoppers of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later nearly all the grasshoppers were dead. A few, however, survived. This outcome illustrates which one of the Darwin’s key ideas? • There are variations among individual within a species. • B. Animals adapt to new environments. • All living things come from pre-existing living things. • New species develop from survivors.

33. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B • 17. Suppose that a small species of flowering plant lives in a desert area. Over many thousands of years, the area changes to a forest. The plant remains small in size, but undergoes other changes to adapt to the new environment which allows less light to the developing plant. What of the changes is likely? • Development of deeper roots. • Development of thick cuticles • Development of thorns • Development of larger and broader leaves.

34. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B • 17. Suppose that a small species of flowering plant lives in a desert area. Over many thousands of years, the area changes to a forest. The plant remains small in size, but undergoes other changes to adapt to the new environment which allows less light to the developing plant. What of the changes is likely? • Development of deeper roots. • Development of thick cuticles • Development of thorns • Development of larger and broader leaves.

35. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B • 18. Where might an albino animal have a selective advantage over an animal with a brown coat? • Taiga • Tundra • Ocean Shoreline • Temperate Forest

36. CRCT Preparation S7L5.B • 18. Where might an albino animal have a selective advantage over an animal with a brown coat? • Taiga • Tundra • Ocean Shoreline • Temperate Forest

37. CRCT Preparation S7L5.C • 19. Animal fossils are more plentiful than plant fossils because animals contain • Hard parts such as bones, teeth, and shells. • Soft parts such as flesh and hair • Large amounts of water • Small amounts of chemicals

38. CRCT Preparation S7L5.C • 19. Animal fossils are more plentiful than plant fossils because animals contain • Hard parts such as bones, teeth, and shells. • Soft parts such as flesh and hair • Large amounts of water • Small amounts of chemicals

39. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 20. In his observations of the finches in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin stated that we could never “watch” natural selection in action. Why did Darwin believe this? • Natural selection happens so quickly, it is difficult to see. • Natural selection is an internal process that can not be outwardly observed. • Natural selection occurs over so many generations, it is impossible to see changes occur. • Natural selection is a process that occurs randomly, and it is unlikely that a human would be present when it occurs.

40. CRCT Preparation S7L5.A • 20. In his observations of the finches in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin stated that we could never “watch” natural selection in action. Why did Darwin believe this? • Natural selection happens so quickly, it is difficult to see. • Natural selection is an internal process that can not be outwardly observed. • Natural selection occurs over so many generations, it is impossible to see changes occur. • Natural selection is a process that occurs randomly, and it is unlikely that a human would be present when it occurs.