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The Scientific Method

Learn about the scientific method steps, variables in experiments, and the SI unit system prefixes to enhance your scientific knowledge.

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method Mr. Luis A. Velazquez

  2. What is the scientific method? • Is a step by step process to understand nature. • Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. • In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.

  3. What are the steps in the scientific method? • Define the problem • Gather information • Make an hypothesis • Test your hypothesis • Review your results • Make a conclusion

  4. What are variables? • In an experiment these changing quantities are called variables, and an experiment usually has three kinds: • independent • dependent • control

  5. The control variable • Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables. Why? • Most experiments have more than one controlled variable. • Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables."

  6. The Independent Variable • The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. • In an experiment there is only oneindependent variable.

  7. The dependent variable • The dependent variable changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the independent variable. • The number of dependent variables in an experiment varies, but there is often more than one.

  8. How to identify the dependent variable? • To be predicted • The response variable • The outcome • A variable that is not under the experimenter's control.

  9. How to identify the independent variable? • The cause • The input • The manipulated variable • The variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment.

  10. Dependent One or more Output Response variable Results and data Not controlled Effects Independent Only one Input Manipulated variable Is under the control of the scientist Cause Difference between Variables

  11. The SI Unit System Mr. Luis A. Velazquez

  12. Prefix • Kilo 10x 10 x 10 = 1000 = 103 • Hecto 10 x 10 = 100 = 102 • Decka 10x1 = 10 = 101 • deci 1/10 = 0.1 = 10-1 • centi 1/100 = 0.01 = 10-2 • milli 1/1000 = 0.001 = 10-3 1x1 = 1 = 100

  13. How to remember? K • King • Henry • Died • Drinking • Chocolate • Milk H Basic unit D d mass, length, volume c m

  14. Kilo Left Hecto Decka Basic Unit Grams, Liters, meter deci centi Right milli

  15. Practice Problems Kilograms are bigger than Grams So you need to multiply this means you move the decimal to the right How many times? 5 Kg =_______ g 5000 3 Answer 5000

  16. Practice Problems centigrams are smaller than grams So you need to divide this means you move the decimal to the left How many times? .045 cg =_______ g .00045 2 Answer .00045

  17. Practice Problems Dekagrams are bigger than grams So you need to multiply this means you move the decimal to the right How many times? 36 Dg =_______ g 360 1 Answer 360

  18. Practice Problems milligrams are smaller than Kilograms So you need to divide this means you move the decimal to the left How many times? 7 mg =____________ Kg 0.000007 6 Answer 0.000007

  19. Practice Problems Liters are bigger than milliliters So you need to multiply this means you move the decimal to the right. How many times? 9 L =_______ mL 9000 3 Answer 9000

  20. Answer tofollowing Problems • 35L = .035KL • 46 g = .46Hg • 0.000015mg = .0000000015Dg • 9.53 mm = .00953 m • 7.908 cL = .07908 L • 0.521 Hm = 5210cm

  21. 35L = .035 KL Liter are smaller than Kiloliters so you divide or move your decimal to the left. You move your decimal to the left three times The answer is .035 KL

  22. 46 g = 0 .46 Hg Grams are smaller than Hectograms so you divide or move your decimal to the left. You move your decimal to the left two times . The answer is 0.46Hg or .46 Hg

  23. 0.000015mg = .0000000015 Dg milligrams are smaller than Decagrams so you divide or move you decimal to the left. You move your decimal to the left four times. The answer is .0000000015 Dg

  24. 9.53 mm = .00953m millimeters are smaller than meter so you divide or move you decimal to the left. You move your decimal to the left three times The answer is .00953 meters

  25. 7.908 cL = .07908L centiliters are smaller than Liters so you divide or move you decimal to the left. You move your decimal to the left two times. The answer is .07908 Liters

  26. 0.521 Hm = 5210 cm Hectometer are bigger than centimeters so you multiply or move you decimal to the right. You move your decimal to the right four times. The answer is 5210 cm

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