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Learn about the various components, tools, and techniques used for creating dynamic and professional map layouts. Discover how to add frames, legends, scale bars, north arrows, charts, tables, pictures, and text to your map layouts.
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Introduction GIS output is frequently a map Map layouts are used for communication What drives cartographic choices? Maps are not “reality” Maps are technical and artistic documents How to Lie With Maps (Monmonier & DeBlij)
Overview Map Layout documents Map Layout frames Graphical primitives Creating map layouts Printing/Capturing Layouts
Map Layout documents A type of ArcView document Presentation-quality map editor Composed of multiple elements Most map elements (“frames”) are derived from other documents Frames can be dynamically linked to frame source Map layouts can be printed or saved as graphics
Map Layout frames Frames contain representations of other documents Frames are added to layouts using frame tools
map • Map Layout components
neatline map • Map Layout components
scale bar • Map Layout components neatline map
logo image • Map Layout components neatline map scale bar
logo image legend & north arrow neatline map scale bar • Map Layout components
logo image legend & north arrow title • Map Layout components neatline map scale bar
Map Layout frames View frames Legend frames Scale bar frames North arrow frames Chart frames Table frames Picture frames Text frames
view frame tool • View frames View frames contain data displayed in the Map display of a view View frames can be dynamically linked to views Properties controlled with Property dialogue
Source Live link control Scale Extent When to display Display quality (when viewing) • View frames: Properties
legend frame tool • Legend frames Legend frames contain the Table of Contents a view Legend frames are dynamically linked to view frames Properties controlled with Property dialogue
Source When to display Display quality (when viewing) • Legend frames: Properties
scale bar frame tool • Scale bar frames Scale bar frames contain a representation of the scale RF Scale bars frames are dynamically linked to view frames Various styles to choose from, including plain text RF Map units in View Properties must be set Properties controlled with Property dialogue
scale bar, unfilled scale RF • Scale bar frames
Source Preserve either interval or size Style Display units Major interval Number of intervals Number of minor intervals left of 0 mark • Scale bar frames: Properties
north arrow bar frame tool • North arrow frames North arrow frames contain north arrows or other graphics A variety of different north arrow styles to choose from Any graphic can be saved as a custom north arrow Logos can be stored/used as north arrows North arrow angle or orientation can be altered Controlled with North Arrow Manager
store graphic as north arrow template style delete north arrow customnorth arrow store as default set angle • North arrow frames
chart frame tool • Chart frames Chart frames contain charts Charts frames can be dynamically linked to charts in project Therefore, charts in layouts can be dynamically linked to views in projects Controlled with Property dialogue
chartframe • Chart frames
Source When to display Display quality (when viewing) • Chart frames: Properties
table frame tool • Table frames Table frames contain areas of charts Only visible area of table document appears in table frame Tables frames are dynamically linked to tables in project Controlled with Property dialogue
table frame • Table frames
Source When to display Display quality (when viewing) • Table frames: Properties
picture frame tool • Picture frames Picture frames contain graphical images Picture frames are not dynamically linked Band Interleaved by Line (*.bil) Band Interleaved by Pixel (*.bip) Band Sequential (*.bsq) CompuServe GIF (*.gif) Encapsulated PostScript (*.eps) ERDAS GIS (*.gis) ERDAS LAN (*.lan) IMPELL Bitmap (*.rlc) MacPaint (*.mcp) Nexpert Object Image (*.nbi) Postscript (*.ps) Sun Raster (*.rs) TIFF Bitmap (*.tif) Windows Bitmap (*.bmp) X-Bitmap (*.xbm) Windows Metafile (*.wmf)
Source Browse file system When to display Display quality (when viewing) • Picture frames: Properties
text frame tool • Text frames Text frames contain textual elements Titles & other text can be added Any TrueType font can be used Font palette used to select font face & color Text elements controlled with Properties dialogue
text text justification space between lines angle of rotation • Text frames
Graphical primitives: Shapes Use draw tools to create simple graphics on layout point line multiline rectangle circle polygon
Creating map layouts Layout grid Live links Adding & editing elements Grouping elements Front/back Simplifying elements Saving templates
Layout grid A layout grid exists for positioning frames and graphics Grid spacing can be modified Toggle hide/show grid Toggle grid snapping
Live links View frames can be set to “live link” to frame source If source view changes, the view frame in the layout changes Possible to toggle live linking on or off
Adding elements All elements added with frame and draw tools Select tool, drag rectangle, then alter properties Elements that already exist can be modified (double-click)
Grouping elements Map layouts contain many elements Management of various elements can be difficult Grouping elements makes management easier Grouped elements can be moved & resized as a single object Grouped elements can be grouped into supergroups Grouped elements can be ungrouped
Front/back Elements are managed on a graphical plane All elements are in front of or behind other elements Elements are added to the front of the graphical plane Elements can be brought to the front or sent to the back
Simplifying elements Most elements are complex graphics Complex graphics can be degenerated into simple graphics Simplified graphics lose linkage to source Views Legends Scale bars Simplified graphics can be altered using draw tools
Saving templates Layout templates can be created for recreating similar maps Useful for frequently used maps Useful for reports: multiple maps with same basic layout Stored layouts can be used over & over
name template select template icon • Saving templates
Printing/Capturing Layouts Layouts can be spooled to printers Layouts can be printed to files for later printing Layouts can be exported to graphics file for import to other applications Placeable Windows Metafile Windows Metafile Windows Bitmap Encapsulated PostScript - New Encapsulated PostScript - Old Adobe Illustrator CGM Binary CGM Character CGM Clear Text JPEG