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Dive into understanding risk disclosure studies by Prof. Philip Linsley at the University of York. Delve into methodologies, coding grids, and the complexities of measuring the quality of risk disclosures. Explore definitions of risk and the various challenges faced in risk disclosure research.
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Communicating risk information: Risk disclosure research Professor Philip Linsley The University of York
Session outline • How we can research risk disclosure • Difficulties in researching risk disclosure
REMEMBER It is argued that: Risk disclosure by companies is poor BUT How do we know this?
RISK DISCLOSURE STUDIES HAVE OFTEN EXAMINED IF RISK INFORMATION PROVIDED IS: Future or past Quantified or not quantified Good news or bad news
HOW? Methodology - content analysis
How would you code this risk sentence from the Marks & Spencer plc financial report? In recent times, as customers are spending less when they shop and people are moving house less often, customers have increasingly turned to Marks & Spencer for homeware purchases.
How would you code this risk sentence from the Marks & Spencer plc financial report? Our competitive prices reassure our customers that they can economise at Marks & Spencer without compromising on quality.
Linsley and Shrives (2006) Examined sample of UK annual reports • 6,168 risk sentences • Most were not quantified • More good news than bad news • More future than past
Beretta and Bozzolan (2004) Examined sample of Italian annual reports QUANTITY OF RISK SENTENCES DOES NOT TELL US ABOUT QUALITY OF RISK DISCLOURES
Can we ever measure quality of risk disclosures? • Different stakeholders = different needs • Different readers = different risk attitudes • Different industries = different risks and different approaches to risk
How would you code this risk sentence from the Marks & Spencer plc financial report? Our business philosophy is that our products should always be made with the very best ingredients.
Linsley and Shrives (2006) definition of risk Opportunity, hazard, harm, threat or exposure that has impacted or may impact on the company
Other problems in risk disclosure studies • Cross-country studies • Financial versus non-financial firms • Longitudinal studies over time
MOST IMPORTANTLY What is often forgotten is the very nature of risk