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Understanding Synaptic Transmission Process in Neurons

Learn about chemical signaling between neurons via chemical synapses and the different types, synaptic events like neurotransmitter release, and the synaptic transmission model. Explore postsynaptic membrane, presynaptic axon terminal, and terminations methods. Discover the impact of drug interactions on synaptic transmission.

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Understanding Synaptic Transmission Process in Neurons

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  1. Synaptic Transmission Lesson 11

  2. Synapses • Signaling between neurons • chemical • few electric • Chemical synapse types • axodendritic • axosomatic • axoaxonic • dendrodendritic ~

  3. Synaptic Events • Action Potential reaches axon terminal • Chemical substance released • Neurotransmitter (NT) • Diffuses across synapse • Binds to receptor protein • EPSP or IPSP ~

  4. Synaptic Transmission Model 1. Precursor transport 2. NT synthesis 3. Storage 4. Release 5. Activation 6. Termination ~

  5. Postsynaptic Membrane Presynaptic Axon Terminal Dendritic Spine Terminal Button

  6. 1. Precursor Transport

  7. 2. Synthesis • Enzymes & cofactors • Can be multiple steps ~ E

  8. 3. Storage In vesicles E

  9. 3. Storage In vesicles Terminal Button Dendritic Spine Synapse

  10. AP Ca++ 4. Release Synapse

  11. Ca++ 4. Release diffusion

  12. 5. Activation • NT binds to receptor

  13. Activation • NT binds to postsynaptic receptor • opens ion channel • EPSP • or IPSP ~

  14. 6. Termination • 4 Basic methods • Diffusion • Enzymatic degradation • Presynaptic reuptake • active transport • Autoreceptors ~

  15. 6. Termination E A RU E

  16. Autoreceptors • On presynaptic terminal • Binds NT • same as postsynaptic receptors • different receptor subtype • Decreases NT release & synthesis • via 2d messenger system ~

  17. Termination • Must have discrete signal • What if ion channels continually open? • Disrupts neural communication • Termination  neuron repolarizes ~

  18. Drug Interaction Terms • Drug’s effect on synaptic transmission • Direct  at postsynaptic receptor • Indirect  at any other step • Agonist (AG) • mimics or ­NT effects • Antagonist (ANT) • blocks or ¯NT effects ~

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