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Acceleration

Explore the concept of acceleration, learn how to calculate it, and grasp its application in various scenarios. From circular motion to gravity, understand acceleration at a constant rate. Practice examples included for practical understanding.

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Acceleration

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  1. Acceleration

  2. Defining Acceleration • Acceleration = the rate at which velocity changes. • To accelerate means to change velocity. • Acceleration is not just how much velocity changes. It is also how fast velocity changes. The faster velocity changes, the greater the acceleration is.

  3. Calculating Acceleration Acceleration = final velocity – starting velocity time it takes to change velocity SI units for acceleration is (m/s/s) Suppose you get on your skateboard and accelerate southward at a rate of 1m/s/s. This means that every second, your southward velocity increases by 1 m/s.

  4. Math Break • A plane passes over Point A with a velocity of 8,000 m/s north. Forty seconds later it passes over Point B at a velocity of 10,000 m/s north. What is the plane’s acceleration from A to B? • A coconut falls from the top of a tree and reaches a velocity of 19.6 m/s when it hits the ground. It takes 2 seconds to reach the ground. What is the coconut’s acceleration?

  5. Examples of Acceleration Positive Acceleration – acceleration in which velocity increases. Negative Acceleration or deceleration – acceleration in which velocity decreases. ** Remember that velocity has direction, so velocity will change if your direction changes. Therefore, a change in direction is acceleration, even if there is no change in speed.

  6. Practice Chart

  7. Circular Motion • An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its direction. • Change in direction = change in velocity, which means that acceleration is occurring. • Centripetal acceleration = the acceleration that occurs in circular motion

  8. Acceleration Due to Gravity • The mass of an object does not affect the rate at which it falls. • With a larger mass you have a greater force between the object and Earth, but with a smaller mass it takes less force that needs to be applied to create the same rate of acceleration.

  9. Acceleration at a Constant Rate • All objects accelerate toward Earth at a rate of 9.8 meters per second per second, which is expressed as 9.8 m/s/s. • For every second that an object falls, the object’s downward velocity increases by 9.8 m/s. ** Remember that this acceleration is the same for all objects regardless of their mass.

  10. Math Break Change in Velocity = gravity (g) x seconds (t) A penny at rest is dropped from the top of a tall stairwell. • What is the penny’s velocity after it has fallen for 2 seconds? • The penny hits the ground in 4.5 seconds. What is its final velocity?

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