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Essential Computer Concepts

Essential Computer Concepts. Objectives. Compare the types of computers Describe the components of a computer system Examine data representation and the ASCII code Learn about processing hardware Define memory and storage Describe input and output peripheral devices.

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Essential Computer Concepts

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  1. Essential Computer Concepts

  2. Objectives • Compare the types of computers • Describe the components of a computer system • Examine data representation and the ASCII code • Learn about processing hardware • Define memory and storage • Describe input and output peripheral devices Essential Computer Concepts

  3. Objectives • Identify the hardware and software that are used for data communications and to establish a network connection • Explain how Internet access, email, and the World Wide Web affect the use of computers • Describe potential security threats to computers and protection methods • Discuss the types of system software and their functions • Identify popular application software • Learn about cloud computing Essential Computer Concepts

  4. Computer Advertisement Essential Computer Concepts

  5. What Is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later Essential Computer Concepts

  6. Types of Computers • PC: • Desktop computers • Notebook (laptop) computers • Tablet PCs • Subnotebook computers • Netbooks • Slate computers • Handheld computers • Smartphones • MP3 players • Mainframe computers • Supercomputers Essential Computer Concepts

  7. Types of Computers Essential Computer Concepts

  8. Computer Systems • Includes computer hardware and software • Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer • Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific task • The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or configuration • The technical details about each component are called specifications Essential Computer Concepts

  9. Data Representation • Data refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas • Binary digits (bits) • A series of eight bits is called a byte • Kilobyte (KB or K) • Megabyte (MB) • Gigabyte (GB) • Terabyte (TB) • ASCII • American Standard Code for Information Interchange Essential Computer Concepts

  10. Data Representation Essential Computer Concepts

  11. Processing Hardware • The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer • Circuit board • The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard. It contains: ALU,CU, its speed measured by megahertz • Cards are removable circuit boards Essential Computer Concepts

  12. Memory • Random access memory (RAM) • Volatile memory • SDRAM: synchronized with the CPU • Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache):faster access to the CPU. • Virtual memory: use the permanent storage device. Essential Computer Concepts

  13. Memory • Read-only memory (ROM) • BIOS: set of instructions that tells the computer how to start. • Boot process: set of events between you turn on the PC and be able to use it. • Nonvolatile memory: it remains even if the computer turned off. • Complementary metal oxide semiconductormemory (CMOS): have a rechargeable battery and store the date and time. it changes every time you add or remove a hardware Semipermanent memory. Essential Computer Concepts

  14. Storage Media • A computer file is a named collection of stored data • An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task • A data file is created by a user Essential Computer Concepts

  15. Storage Media • Magnetic storage media • A hard disk contains several magnetic oxide-covered metal platters that are usually sealed in a case inside the computer Essential Computer Concepts

  16. Storage Media • Optical storage device • CD • DVD • CD-R • CD-RW • CD-ROM • DVD-R • DVD+R • DVD-RW • DVD+RW • BD-RE Essential Computer Concepts

  17. Storage Media • Flash memory • Solid state storage: expensive used ashard drive. • Flash memory cards • USB flash storage device • USB flash drive Essential Computer Concepts

  18. Input and Output • The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input • The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output • Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions Essential Computer Concepts

  19. Input Devices • You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands • Keyboard • Ergonomic • Pointing device • Controls the pointer • Mouse • Scroll wheel • Trackball • Touchpad • Pointing stick • Touchscreen • consider an input/output device • Scanner Essential Computer Concepts

  20. Output Devices • Output devices show you the results of processing data • Monitor • Flat panel • LCD • LED • Printer • Laser • Inkjet • Dot matrix • Speakers Essential Computer Concepts

  21. Data Communications • The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications • Sender and receiver • Channel • Protocol Device driver (driver) Essential Computer Concepts

  22. Data Bus • This path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals is called the data bus • Controller card/Expansion card connected to each port and provide an electrical connection to peripheral devices and they plug into electronic connector on the motherboard called Expansion slot. Essential Computer Concepts

  23. Networks • A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others • Network interface card (NIC) • LAN local area network • WAN wide area network • WLAN wireless local area network • PAN personal area network. • WiMax standard that allow • users to connect over many • miles to a LAN Essential Computer Concepts

  24. Telecommunications • Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit • Modem • Digital and analog signals • DSL (digital subscriber line) Broadband connections: high speed connections. Essential Computer Concepts

  25. The Internet • The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people • Email • World Wide Web: huge database of information stored in network servers and allow public access. • Web page • Web site: collection of webpages. Essential Computer Concepts

  26. Security Threats on Your Computer • Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer • Malware • Viruses:harmful programs • Antivirus software • Spyware track the user and send the information back to the program creator. • Adware display advertisements. Essential Computer Concepts

  27. Security Threats on Your Computer • Firewall prevent other computers in the network from accessing your computer. • Spoofed sitethat look like other site. • Phishing sending emails asking the users to click a link. • Pharming redirect users from the actual site to the spoofed site. Essential Computer Concepts

  28. System Software • Helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks • Operating system • System resource: any part of the computer system. Operating systems allocate resources. • Multitasking the ability of starting and running more than one program. • Utilities: antivirus, screen saver • Programming Languages used to write a program Essential Computer Concepts

  29. Application Software • Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet calculations, and database management • Document production software Essential Computer Concepts

  30. Application Software • Web site creation and management software • Spreadsheet software • Database management software Essential Computer Concepts

  31. Application Software • Presentation software Essential Computer Concepts

  32. Application Software • Photo editing software • Video editing software • Multimedia authoring software • Accounting software • Information management software Essential Computer Concepts

  33. Computing in the Cloud • Cloud computing means that data, applications, and even resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users’ computers, and you access only what you need when you need it • Windows Live SkyDrive Essential Computer Concepts

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