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Eyes in Art

Eyes in Art. How do we change or Alter eyes?. Makeup (Eye shadow, Eyeliner, fake eyelashes, eyelash curlers) Contacts, Glasses, Lasik Surgery Mascara Piercings Plastic Surgery

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Eyes in Art

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  1. Eyes in Art

  2. How do we change or Alter eyes? • Makeup (Eye shadow, Eyeliner, fake eyelashes, eyelash curlers) • Contacts, Glasses, Lasik Surgery • Mascara • Piercings • Plastic Surgery • Eye Surgery to permanently change eye color (http://thegrio.com/2013/04/11/permanent-eye-color-change-new-procedure-may-not-be-worth-the-risk/)

  3. Description of the Eye- Scientific

  4. Description of the Eye- Scientific • Light Stimulates the Eye which produces vision • Each part of the eye plays an important role in producing vision • The retina- controls the amount of light that enters the eye and is connected to the central nervous system (arguably the most important part of the eye) • Iris- Responsible for eye color and dilation

  5. Description of the Eye- Scientific • Lens-Responsible for focusing of the eye on objects based upon distance • Cornea- Shields the eye from germs and helps focus light onto the eye • Sclera- Connected to muscles that control eye movement and it is attached to the optic nerve at the back of the eye

  6. Eyes- Development • Originally everyone had brown eyes • Blue eyes are actually the result of a genetic mutation • Blue eyes arose from a genetic mutation in the OCA2 gene which created a switch affect that turned off the ability to produce brown eyes

  7. Eyes- Development • A major developmental difference in eyes is eye color. • Eye Color Depends on genetic background • Several genes (all are not known) are responsible for eye color • The color of the eye has to do with melanin concentrations • Another developmental difference seen in eyes is eye shape • Eye shape is another developmental factor that is determined from genetic background

  8. Eyes- Evolution • All Eyes (human and animal) are believed to have evolved from a proto-eye over 540 million years ago • The first organ to resemble an eye were photoreceptor proteins that produce light known as eyespots • Eyespots were found even in unicellular organisms

  9. Eyes- Evolution • There is still much that is unknown about the evolution of the eye due to the difficult of obtaining fossils with intact tissue • Most evidence surround the evolution of the eye has been obtained from fossils in the Cambrian Period • It is believed that most eye types developed in parallel because predator and prey had to accommodate for the new feature • It is believed that the eye evolved quickly to the modern human eye over a period of as little as 400,000 years

  10. Eyes- Ecology • Abiotic factors of the environment that affect the eye include light • The environmental energy form that stimulates the eye is light, which in turn produces vision. • Perception of the environment also depends on contribution from the other senses- the eyes do not work alone to pick up abiotic and biotic factors in the environment

  11. Eyes- Ecology • The external environment can influence the way that we perceive things with our eyes • For example, the way that we perceive an object can be influenced by the amount of light present • The way that we see something at night time varies with the way that we see something in the daytime

  12. Eyes- Ecology • Abiotic Factors other than light can also influence the way that we perceive things • Examples: Fog, rain, and snow, the presence or absence of clouds • Other things that can affect perception are colors and shapes of objects

  13. Eyes- Physiology (Input) • The environmental energy form that stimulates the eye is light, which in turn produces vision. Each part of the eye serves a different function in creating vision. The iris for example, controls the amount of light that enters into the eye. One of the most important parts of the eyes as it relates to vision is the retina. The retina is the part of the eye that is connected to the central nervous system, and can be affected by many diseases that attack the central nervous system. The retina has photoreceptor cells- cells that are actually a type of neuron. The cells (or neurons) have proteins that are responsible for vision. The proteins are known as rod and cone opsins. Rods help us to perceive low levels of light, while cones help us to perceive normal levels of light. The photoreceptors are synapsed or connected to cells known as bipolar cells. These cells in return are connected to or synapsed to ganglion cells of the eye. The ganglion cells send signals to the brain. It appears, based on research, that the neurons and ganglion cells of the eye that play such an important part in helping us to perceive through vision are most connected to other facial cells that are connected to the brain and are a part of the parasympathetic nervous system

  14. Eyes- Physiology(Integration) • For integration of the eyes, other sensory perceptions that can give the experience meaning are your other senses. When you see something or perceive something with your eyes, you often use internal information such as your other senses in order to validate what you have seen.

  15. Eyes- physiology (Output) • The output of the eye involving physiology can be expressed through the expression of someone eyes. • For example, many disease of the central nervous system manifest through the eyes because of its connection to the retina • Emotion can be expressed through the eyes via the production of tears

  16. The Anatomy of The Eyes • Light stimulates the eye to give the sensation of vision • http://online.sfsu.edu/psych200/unit6/63.htm • The retina as a window to the brain-from eye research to CNS disorders. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23165340 • The Retina and Visual System • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system

  17. Walter Keane and Margaret Keane • "My psyche was scarred in my art student days in Europe, just after World War II, by an ineradicable memory of war-wracked innocents. In their eyes lurk all of mankind's questions and answers. If mankind would look deep into the soul of the very young, he wouldn't need a road map. I wanted other people to know about those eyes, too. I want my paintings to clobber you in the heart and make you yell, 'DO SOMETHING!"[- Walter Keane • "The eyes I draw on my children are an expression of my own deepest feelings. Eyes are windows of the soul," explains Margaret.- Margaret Keane

  18. Walter and Margaret Keane

  19. LeFaux Miroir- Rene Magritte

  20. Eyes in Mythology, religion, and culture • “The eyes are the windows to the soul”- source unknown • Scientists discover that eyes really are 'the window to the soul' • Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-436932/Scientists-discover-eyes-really-window-soul.html#ixzz2t2zbar8d

  21. Eyes in mythology, Religion and Culture- Eye of Horus • An ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power and good health. • The Eye of Horus was often used to symbolize sacrifice, healing, restoration, and protection

  22. Eyes in mythology, Religion and Culture • Evil Eye • The Third Eye • Eyes in Nature- Helix Nebula • Cultural Differences - Eye Contact

  23. Eyes in Poetry- her Beautiful Eyes by James Whitcomb • O her beautiful eyes! they are as blue as the dewOn the violet's bloom when the morning is new,And the light of their love is the gleam of the sunO'er the meadows of Spring where the quick shadows run:As the morn shirts the mists and the clouds from the skies--So I stand in the dawn of her beautiful eyes.And her beautiful eyes are as midday to me,When the lily-bell bends with the weight of the bee,And the throat of the thrush is a-pulse in the heat,And the senses are drugged with the subtle and sweetAnd delirious breaths of the air's lullabies--So I swoon in the noon of her beautiful eyes.O her beautiful eyes! they have smitten mine ownAs a glory glanced down from the glare of The Throne;And I reel, and I falter and fall, as afarFell the shepherds that looked on the mystical Star,And yet dazed in the tidings that bade them arise--So I grope through the night of her beautiful eyes.

  24. The Helix Nebula- Eyes in Nature • A class of objects called planetary nebulae. Discovered in the 18th century, these cosmic works of art were erroneously named for their resemblance to gas-giant planets. Helix Nebula is a dying star • Planetary nebulae are actually the remains of stars that once looked a lot like our sun. These stars spend most of their lives turning hydrogen into helium in massive runaway nuclear fusion reactions in their cores. In fact, this process of fusion provides all the light and heat that we get from our sun. Our sun will blossom into a planetary nebula when it dies in about five billion years.

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