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S&T Indicators of Pakistan A Country Report

2010 South Asian Regional Workshop on STI Indicators Kathmandu, Nepal (December 6 - 9, 2010). S&T Indicators of Pakistan A Country Report. Muhammad Shahid Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Islamabad. S&T Status at Independence. Meager Human and Financial Resources

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S&T Indicators of Pakistan A Country Report

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  1. 2010 South Asian Regional Workshop on STI Indicators Kathmandu, Nepal (December 6 - 9, 2010) S&T Indicators of Pakistan A Country Report Muhammad Shahid Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Islamabad

  2. S&T Status at Independence • Meager Human and Financial Resources • Poor Infrastructure • Only 4 small Laboratories • Two Universities • One Agricultural College

  3. Current S&T Status • Independent Ministries for: • Science and Technology • IT and Telecommunications • Higher Education Commission • 85 Major R&D Organizations with 224 research institutes / centres / labs etc. • 133 Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes including: • 17 Engineering and Technology • 6 Agriculture • 9 Medicine

  4. Current S&T Status • S&T Manpower • 54,689 researchers(Headcount) • 334 researchers per million(Headcount), • 169 researchers per million (FTE) • S&T Expenditure • Total S&T expenditure: US$ 1280.69 million • Total R&D expenditure: US$ 690.92 million • S&T expenditure as percent of GDP: 0.86% • R&D expenditure as percent of GDP: 0.46% Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  5. S&T Policy Formulation • Policy formulation at the national level • National Commission for Science and Technology • Executive Committee of National Commission for Science and Technology • Pakistan Council for Science and Technology • Ministry of Science and Technology • Policy formulation at the sectoral level • Ministries of S&T, IT&Telecom, Agriculture, Health Industries, HEC, PAEC

  6. National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) • Constituted in 1984 • Apex policy body for S&T – Headed by PM • 27 members • 6 Federal Ministers • 4 Provincial Ministers • Pakistan Council for Science and Technology – secretariat of NCST

  7. Composition of NCST Chairman Prime Minister of Pakistan Vice Chairman Minister for S&T Member/Secretary Chairman, PCST Other Members • Chairman, Higher Education Commission • Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission • Chairman, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research • Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council • President, Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry • Scientists/Technologists nominated by Prime Minister (3) • Industrialists nominated by Prime Minister (2) • Minister for Finance • Minister for Agriculture • Minister for Industries • Minister for Education • Provincial Ministers for S&T (4) • Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission • Secretary, S&TR Division • Secretary, IT&Telecom Division • Secretary, Ministry of Education • President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences • Chairman, Pakistan Engineering Council

  8. Executive Committee of National Commission for Science and Technology (ECNCST) • Constituted in 1989 • To coordinate, oversee and review the S&T policies and R&D programmes • To implement policy decisions taken by NCST • Headed by the Minister for S&T • 29 members • PCST is the secretariat

  9. Pakistan Council for Science & Technology (PCST) • Advise the Government on S&T Policies and Plans • Secretariat of National Commission for Science and Technology • Carry out Scientometric Studies • Prepare State of the Art reports on S&T issues • Maintain databank on S&T Statistics and Indicators • Evaluation of research – bibliometric methods

  10. Ministry of S&T Related Ministries PAEC & HEC S&T Governance in Pakistan Prime Minster National Assembly Standing Committee on S&T National Commission for S&T Senate Standing Committee on Education and S&T Other Ministers* PM Secretariat Minister for S&T Pakistan Council for S&T S&T / R&D Organizations * Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Industries, Health etc.

  11. Recent Measures • Quantum jumps in budgets for S&T & Higher Education? • New IT Ministry established • Full support at the highest level

  12. Recent Measures (2) • Increase in S&T budget sustained over last 9 years • Up-gradation of research infrastructure • HRD (5000 local; >3000 abroad) • Program of indigenous industrialization • Semi-industrial scale pilot plants • Development projects worth over Rs 27 billion under implementation

  13. Reversing Brain Drain • New Service Structure for Scientists • Tenure Track appointments in universities • Av. salary of faculty raised to US$ 3000 p.m. • 75% tax waiver for researchers and university teachers • Research Productivity Allowance • 5-fold increase in international publications ….Cont’d

  14. Reversing Brain Drain (2) • Foreign Faculty Hiring Programme • More than 500 foreign nationals and expatriate Pakistanis • Adjunct Faculty Programme to involve Diaspora

  15. S&T System in Pakistan • 85 R&D organizations • 224 institutes, laboratories and research stations • 35 under federal government • 50 under provincial governments • 26 Punjab • 13 Sind • 6 NWFP • 5 Baluchistan

  16. S&T Indicators

  17. Growth in Higher Education Institutions Source: Higher Education Commission

  18. Higher Education Institutions by Field Source: Higher Education Commission

  19. Researchers Technicians Total Description Support Staff Higher Education Institutions 45267 4625 38505 88397 R&D Organizations 9422 9119 30282 48823 Total 54689 13744 68787 137220 S&T Manpower (Headcount) Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  20. Sector Occupation Researchers Technicians Support Staff Total Higher Education Institutions 18180 1874 5818 25872 R&D Organizations 9422 9119 30282 48823 Total 27602 10993 36100 74695 S&T Manpower by Occupation (FTE) Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  21. S&T Manpower by Field, Occupation and Gender Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  22. S&T Manpower by Field & Gender 19512 15175 Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  23. Researchers by Field & Sector of Employment

  24. Sector of Performance Expenditure Government 44,351.231 Higher Education* 14,791.637 Total 59,142.868 R&D Expenditure by Sector Million Rs *proportional to FTE factor Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  25. Growth in R&D Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  26. Growth in R&D Expenditure as %age of GDP Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  27. Growth in Per Capita S&T Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  28. Growth in Per Capita R&D Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

  29. Publications from Pakistan in International Journals Source: ISI Web of Science

  30. THANK YOU

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