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CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide

CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide. CHAPTER 1: Internetworking. The CCNA exam topics covered in this chapter include the following:. Technology Describe network communications using layered models Compare and contrast key characteristics of LAN environments

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CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide

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  1. CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide CHAPTER 1: Internetworking

  2. The CCNA exam topics covered in this chapter include the following: • Technology • Describe network communications using layered models • Compare and contrast key characteristics of LAN environments • Describe the components of network devices • Evaluate rules for packet control

  3. The Basic Network • The basic network allows devices to share information • The term “Computer Language” refers to Binary code (0’s or 1’s)

  4. The Basic Internetwork • A router creates an internetwork

  5. Routing Protocols • When you have more then one router, a routing protocol is used to share network information between the routers.

  6. Possible causes of LAN traffic congestion: Too many hosts in the broadcast domain Broadcast storms Multicasting Low Bandwidth Internetworking Basics

  7. Advantages of using routers in your network: Routers don’t forward broadcasts by default. Routers can filter the network based on layer-3 (Network layer) information (i.e., IP address). Internetworking Basics

  8. Internetworking Basics

  9. The OSI Reference Model The Layered Approach Advantages of OSI layered model Allows multiple-vendor development through standardization of network components Allows various types of network hardware and software to communicate. Prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers, so it does not hamper development. Internetworking Models

  10. OSI Reference Model’s Seven Layers Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Ling Layer Physical Layer The OSI Reference Model

  11. Network devises that operate at all seven layers: Network Management stations (NMS) Web and Application servers Gateways (not default gateways) Network hosts The OSI Reference Model

  12. The OSI Reference Model The Lower Layers • Provides reliable or unreliable delivery • Performs error correction before retransmit • Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination • Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames • Provides access to media using MAC address • Performs error detection not correction • Moves bits between devices • Specifies voltage, wire speed, and pin-out cables

  13. Flow Control Connection-Oriented Communication Acknowledgements The OSI Reference Model The Transport Layer

  14. The OSI Reference Model

  15. The OSI Reference Model The Transport Layer (Windowing)

  16. The OSI Reference Model The Network Layer

  17. The OSI Reference Model The Network Layer Each router interface is broadcast domain. Routers break up broadcast domains by default and provide WAN services

  18. The OSI Reference Model • The IEEE Data Link Layer has two sublayers: • Media Access Control (MAC) 802.3 • Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2

  19. Switching (LAN Segmentation) Each segment has its own collision domain. All segments are in the same broadcast domain.

  20. Hubs • All devices in the same collision domain • All devices in the same broadcast domain • Devices share the same bandwidth

  21. The OSI Reference Model The Physical Layer • Sends and receives bits; 1’s & 0’s • Specify electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional requirements • DTE/DCE interfaces identified • Hubs (Multi-port repeaters)

  22. A connection media access method that allows all hosts on a network to share the same bandwidth (Uses Data Link & Physical Layer specifications) CSMA/CD Half Duplex Full Duplex Ethernet Networking

  23. Ethernet addressing = Hardware or MAC Framing Types of Ethernet frames: Ethernet II IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.2 SNAP Ethernet Networking Ethernet at the Data Link Layer

  24. Ethernet Frames

  25. Ethernet Networking Ethernet Frames

  26. Ethernet Networking Ethernet at the Physical Layer • The Expanded IEEE Ethernet 802.3 Standards • 100BaseTX • 100BaseFX • 1000BaseCX • 1000BaseT • 1000BaseSX • 1000BaseLX

  27. Duplex Overview • 802.3 Half duplex (CSMA/CD) • Unidirectional data flow • Higher potential for collision • Hubs connectivity • One wire pair • Shared collision domain • Lower Effective Throughput Hub Full duplex • Point-to-point only • Attached to dedicated switched port • Requires full-duplex support on both ends • Collision free • Collision detect circuit disabled • Two wire pair

  28. Ethernet Cabling Straight-Through Cable

  29. Ethernet Cabling Crossover Cable

  30. Ethernet Cabling Rolled Cable

  31. HyperTerminal

  32. HyperTerminal

  33. Console HyperTerminal Settings

  34. Wireless Networking

  35. Narrowband Wireless LANs Personal Communication Services (PCS) Narrowband PCS Broadband PCS Satellite Infrared Wireless LANs Spread Spectrum Wireless LANs Wireless Networking Wireless Network Types

  36. Data Encapsulation

  37. Data Encapsulation

  38. Port Numbers at the Transport Layer

  39. The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model

  40. Hub Hub How many collision domains are shown? How many broadcast domains are shown?

  41. How many broadcast domains are shown? Switch Switch Hub Hub Hub Hub Hub Hub How many collision domains are shown?

  42. Which of the hosts can transmit simultaneously without causing collisions? Switch Hub A D F B C E How many collision and broadcast domains are show?

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