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FOOD FOR EDUCATION, SCHOOL REFORM AND FOOD SECURITY:

FOOD FOR EDUCATION, SCHOOL REFORM AND FOOD SECURITY:. Making the Connections. Beryl Levinger Education Development Center and Monterey Institute of International Studies. Coming Attractions: Four Main Ideas.

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FOOD FOR EDUCATION, SCHOOL REFORM AND FOOD SECURITY:

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  1. FOOD FOR EDUCATION, SCHOOL REFORM AND FOOD SECURITY: Making the Connections Beryl Levinger Education Development Center and Monterey Institute of International Studies

  2. Coming Attractions: Four Main Ideas • The universalization of primary school is a prerequisite for food security • Food for education boosts primary school participation and, hence, food security • The effects of primary school education on food security are greatest wherever “quality standards” are met; however, important effects are present even when educational quality is modest • Efforts to improve primary education participation (demand) and efforts to improve primary education quality (supply) are highly interrelated and mutually reinforcing; both can be influenced by FFE

  3. A Cycle of Mutual Reinforcement

  4. Food security=

  5. Access=Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirements Attitudes & Knowledge Related to Consumption Choices *** Includes Factors Related to Diet, Nutrition, Value, Calculation of Purchase Cost/ Unit SCHOOLING

  6. Access=Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirements Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes Favorable to Wage Sector Employment & Enhanced Livelihood Through Informal Sector Channels *** $ to buy food SCHOOLING

  7. Access=Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirements Attitudes Favorable to Child Spacing *** Includes Linkage Between Family’s Decision to Have Children & Ability to Provide for Them SCHOOLING

  8. Access=Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirements Attitudes & Knowledge Conducive to Breast Feeding & Growth Monitoring SCHOOLING

  9. Schooling Influences Food Availability SCHOOLING Attitudes & Skills Related to Food Production Partnering/ Cooperating with Others to Increase Food Production

  10. Schooling Influences Utilization(making proper biological use of food) Proper Sanitation Practices Health Care Facility Use Proper Use of Water Community Action for Health & Sanitation Proper Breast Feeding Practice Proper Food Handling & Preparation Treatment of Parasitic Disease Proper Child Care

  11. Food for Education Influences Schooling SUPPLY and DEMAND

  12. Persistent Education SUPPLY Challenges • Rationing of places due to low school plant absorptive capacity • Irrelevant or inappropriate curriculum • Tuition or fees charged • High teacher absenteeism • Insufficient attention to meeting the special needs of girls or other special needs groups • Schools are too far from children’s homes • School calendar or schedule is inappropriate to local production or cultural norms • Minimal linkages between school and community

  13. Food for Education Can Boost Supply Use food to improve teacher attendance Use food to help community improve facilities Use food to pay teachers to attend training Use food to promote community involvement Use food to help community build closer facilities Use food to offset opportunity costs of school attendance Use food to build girl-friendly infrastructure Use food to help pay teacher aides

  14. Persistent Education DEMAND Challenges Parents or children feel that… • Costs of school attendance are too high • Too little learning takes place • Students are likely to fail • Schooling is culturally inappropriate • Nothing “useful” is taught in school • School facility does not meet girls’ needs

  15. Food for Education Can Boost DEMAND Use food to help offset costs of school attendance Use food to create opportunities for parental involvement Use food to improve children’s active learning capacity (ALC) Use food as a resource to enhance classroom learning Use food to build links between school and home

  16. 10 Education Reform Building Blocks

  17. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks #1:Change • Provide school lunches or snacks to alleviate short-term hunger • Provide snacks that address micronutrient deficiencies associated with cognitive function

  18. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks   #2:Change • Improve water and sanitation with food aid incentives • Build facilities closer to studentswith food aid incentives

  19. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks   #3:Change • Lengthen the school day and provide snacks to maintain attention • Lengthen the school year and provide food to offset opportunity costs of attendance, especially for girls

  20. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks   #4:Change • Offer food incentives for community members to provide teacher housing • Provide food to supplement teacher salaries or as a bonus for high performance • Provide food to parent aides

  21. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks #5:Change • Involve community members in the organization and management of school lunch or snack programs • Use community involvement in school feeding as an entry point for building a richer set of school-community links

  22. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks #6:Change • Use food aid to help pay for training teachers to work with the new curriculum • Use food preparation as an opportunity to develop skills in food handling, storage, nutrition, sanitation and consumption choices

  23. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks #7:Change • Introduce snacks to reduce short-term cognitive deficits that will impede satisfactory progress with a more challenging curriculum • Integrate food preparation activities with other elements of the curriculum including math, science, social studies and art

  24. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks   #8:Change • Use school feeding program to build awareness of what goes on at school • Use school feeding program to create PTAs that eventually have the capacity to insist on accountability for results

  25. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks #9:Change • Montetize a portion of donated commodities • Use proceeds to invest in quality

  26. Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Blocks   #10: Create • Contract with local food producers to stimulate demand for locally grown fruits and vegetables • Make connections to health sector through deworming and vitamin A supplementation • Work with agricultural extensionists to develop school gardens

  27. Contextualizing: 4 Scenarios

  28. Conclusion

  29. THE END

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