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The South African Higher Education System: Key Policies and Statistics Forum on Higher Education in South Africa and China 26–27 November 2013. Nico Cloete 26 November 2013. Policy Frameworks in SA. Policies: Implementation strategies – legislation and funding
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The South African Higher Education System: Key Policies and Statistics • Forum on Higher Education in South Africa and China • 26–27 November 2013 • Nico Cloete • 26 November 2013
Policy Frameworks in SA • Policies: Implementation strategies – legislation and funding • Incentives: direct – indirect • Symbolic (compensatory legitimation) • National – institutional (development- support- incentives) • Policy Moments in SA • 1996/7 National Commission on Higher Education Report, Green and White Paper (1997) • 2000/1 Council Higher Education Differentiation report, National Plan on Higher Education • 2004 mergers of intuitions and funding linked to enrolment planning • 2008 new funning framework fully operational, end of Programme Qualification Mix reviews • 2011 latest accredited HEMIS data, and start of Green Paper and National Development Plan 2030 process.
Diagnosis: National Planning Commission (2011) • From Numerous Reviews (World Bank; Harvard; WEF) • low participation and high attrition rates • medium knowledge producing • insufficient capacity for adequate skills production • differentiated (not formal policy) • minority (+/- five ) of ‘chronic crisis’ institutions (bad press) • Shift from Equity to Development, and the Return of Equity (Transformation Oversight Committee, 2013) • SA continually paralysedby inability to prioritise
Policy Focus to Strengthening the Doctorate Doctoral enrolment must grow – absent in NCHE, symbolic in White Paper, stronger in National Plan and strong funding from 2008 (ranging from $40 000 to $60 000 per student/graduate). Priority in NDP 2030 with graduate targets (from 1500 to 5000 in 2030. Focus on SET and business management. 2. Output efficiency must improve - from 1997 focus on efficiency in general, 2008 funding weak on efficiency, 2012 Green Paper and NDP much more explicit (throughput of 75%). CHET and CREST performance and efficiency indicators (symbolic) 3. Academic staff must have PhD - Financial and Fiscal Commission (2012) and NDP (increase from 35% to 75%) 4. Internationalisation - NPHE (2001) and Green Paper (2012) encourages post graduate recruitment, particularly SADC 5. Differentiation – policy covert/ambiguous, funding explicit
Growth in PhD graduates in South Africa: 1920-2011 Source: Garbers (1960), DNO (1982), DoE (1999), DHET (2013)
Average annual growth rate of PhD graduates: 1920–2011 Source: Garbers (1960), DNO (1982), DoE (1999), DHET (2013)
Average shares of the doctoral graduates in the various fields of study, 1996 to 2011 Source: DoE (1999), SAPSE; DHET (2013), HEMIS data (2000-2013)
Progress of 2004 intakes of new doctoral students after 7 years, according to bands of performance
Progress of the 2004 cohort of new doctoral entrants by nationality, gender and race after 7 years Source: DHET (2013). PhD cohort studies.
Comparison of international PhD completion rates Completion Rate
Percentage of the academic staff with doctorates by institution, 2011 Source: DHET (2013), HEMIS data (2000-2013)
Comparison of PhD production in South Africa with a number of selected OECD countries, 2000 and 2011 Source: OECD (2013) Graduates by field of study, data extracted on 4 July 2013.
Where Are We at End of 2013? Autonomy -a big issue for some universities, but Higher Education SA divided Differentiation – official policy but no clear implementation steps Knowledge production - (postgraduate, doctorate, research output) very strong with Presidency and Dept Science and Technology Efficiency– DST, DHET and CHE using performance indicators Equity – Equity Index (DHET) Shift from Equity to Development, and the Return of Equity (Transformation Oversight Committee, 2013) SA continually paralysedby inability to prioritise
Dr Nico Cloete ncloete@chet.org.za www.chet.org.za