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Energy and power in electric circuits

Energy and power in electric circuits. V a. V b. I. Circuit element such as resistor, battery, … . +. +. For qV ab >0 : charge q looses potential energy., electric force does work on the charge. Since current is stationary .

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Energy and power in electric circuits

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  1. Energy and power in electric circuits Va Vb I Circuit element such as resistor, battery, … + + For qVab>0 : charge q looses potential energy., electric force does work on the charge Since current is stationary Charge is not gaining kinetic energy but energy qVabis transferred into circuit element, e.g., in the form of heat, light, … - For qVab<0 : charge q gains potential energy, circuit element is a source of emf such as a battery If I is the current flowing through the element charge passing through the element in dt

  2. Potential energy of dQ changes by Change of energy per time is the electric power, e.g., consumed by the circuit element Unit: 1VA=1JA/As=1J/s=1W If circuit element is a resistor we obtain Power delivered to a resistor If circuit element is a source (of emf) Rate a which source delivers power Power dissipated by internal resistance of source Rate at which work is done on charge by nonelectrostatic (e.g., chemical) force

  3. An example: What is the rate at which the battery converts chemical into electrical energy? What is the power dissipated by the internal resistance of the battery? What is the power dissipated by the external resistor R?

  4. Energy conservation (per time):

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