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Glaciers

Glaciers. Formation. Snow accumulation More winter snowfall than summer melt Glacier formation is similar to sedimentary rock formation. Types of Glaciers. Valley glaciers or alpine glaciation Ice sheets or continental glaciation. Glaciers of the world. 85% of glacier ice in Antarctica

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Glaciers

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  1. Glaciers

  2. Formation • Snow accumulation • More winter snowfall than summer melt • Glacier formation is similar to sedimentary rock formation

  3. Types of Glaciers • Valley glaciers or alpine glaciation • Ice sheets or continental glaciation

  4. Glaciers of the world • 85% of glacier ice in Antarctica • 10% of glacier ice in Greenland • Alpine glaciers comprise only 5% of world’s glacier ice

  5. Alpine Glaciers • Form in valleys • Gravity causes glacier movement • Glaciers flow from higher to lower elevation

  6. Alpine Glacier Flow Velocity • Overall downward flow velocity ranges from a few millimeters to 15 meters per day • Glaciers in warmer climate flow more quickly • Central part moves faster than sides • Surface moves faster than base • Glacier movement • Basal sliding • Plastic flow • Brittle/Rigid Zone

  7. Continental Glaciers • Cover a large part of a continent • Gravity causes glacier movement • Glaciers flow downward and outward from a central high point • Plastic flow more common than basal sliding

  8. Arctic Sea Ice • Fresh water, like glaciers, but do not flow like glaciers

  9. Glacial Erosion And resulting landscapes

  10. Erosion • Glacier movement erodes the bedrock underneath the glacier and can drastically change the landscape • Plucking • Abrasion • Polishing • Striations

  11. Erratics & Striations

  12. Alpine landscape features

  13. Continental landscape features • All the sediment that a glacier picks up is deposited as unsorted and unlayered rock debris called “till” • Most features are created during glacial retreat

  14. Ice Ages Effects on North America

  15. Glacial Ages • A period of long-term reduction in Earth’s temperature, resulting in the presence of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers • Glacial periods • Interglacials • The last glacial period ended 10,000 years ago

  16. Glacial Extent of Last Glacial Period

  17. Laurentide Ice Sheet • Stevens Point is located right beyond the recessional moraine—in outwash plain

  18. Glacial Erosion in Wisconsin

  19. Topographic Maps Whitewater Wisconsin Map Activity

  20. Topographic maps

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