AP World History: Korea & Vietnam

1. AP World History: Korea & Vietnam

2. I Korea • Koreans are descended from the peoples of Eastern Siberia and Manchuria. Moved to the Korean peninsula by the 4th century BCE • 109 BCE the earliest Korean Kingdom, Chosen, was conquered by the Han emperor Wudi. Led to cultural diffusion with China.

3. Korea Continued… C) The Koguryo tribe in the north resisted Chinese rule. They established an independent state in the north that was soon at war with two southern rivals, Silla and Paekche. D) Sinification (the adoption of Chinese culture) only increased. - spread of Buddhism - Chinese writing - unified law code - Confucianism Buddhist Temple, South Korea

4. Korea Continued… E) Civil war in Korea weakened the peninsula, allowing the Chinese Tang Dynasty to conquer it by allying with the Silla against the Paekche and Koguryo. In 688 the Tang allowed the Silla to rule Korea independently as long as they paid tribute, and to send ambassadors to China.

5. Korea Continued… F) The Silla rulers rebuilt the Korean capital at kumsong. The elite favored Buddhism over Confucianism (endowing Buddhist monasteries), although some took the civil service exams based on Confucianism. Koreans mastered Chinese pottery and porcelain; becoming famous for pale green-glazed celadon and black oxide glazes. G) Most of Korea’s trade with China was for the elite. Korea exported copper.

6. Korea Continued… H) The Mongols invaded in 1231 I) The Yi Dynasty was established in 1392, and ruled Korea until 1910! It maintained ties with China. Yi Palace

7. Korean Traditional Dress

8. Producing Korean Kimchee Kimchee is a staple Korean food; basically it is spicy fermented cabbage that is eaten at almost every meal with rice.

9. II Vietnam • Viets first appeared in recorded history as a group of “southern barbarians” during the Qin dynasty in 220 BCE. China called their Kingdom “Nam Viet”, meaning “people of the South”. China focused on the Red River Valley (as it was a rich rice growing area), and traded silk for ivory, tortoise, and pearls. • The Viet culture was very different from that of China. They favored a nuclear family over an extended one. Women had more rights than in China. • By 111 BCE the Han conquered Vietnam. Led to cultural diffusion; Chinese writing, Confucianism, civil service exams, extended families, irrigation technology--- led to increased population by the Red River Valley.

10. Red River Valley, Vietnam

11. Vietnam’s Rice Farming

12. Vietnamese Traditional Dress

13. Vietnam Continued… D) Vietnamese literature reflects resistance to Chinese influence. “I bear the title ‘Disciple of Confucius’ Why bother with blockheads, wearing such a label? I dress like a museum piece I speak only in learned quotations (poetry and prose); Long since dried out, I strut like a peacock; Failed in my exams, I’ve been dropped like a shriveled root...” Vietnamese women did not like Confucian codes of conduct that would subject them to male authority. The Trung Sisters revolted in 39 CE. A poem by an anonymous Viet woman: One wife is covered by a quilted blanket, while one wife is left in the cold. Cursed be the fate of sharing a common husband. Seldom do you have an occasion to possess your husband, Not even twice in one month. You toil and endure hardships in order to earn your steamed rice…It is like renting your services for hire, and then receiving no wages///

14. Vietnam Continued… E) After the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907 CE, the Vietnamese fought back and by 939 achieved independence through the 19th century! F) However, many succeeding Vietnamese dynasties continued to use Chinese influence in their architecture. But unlike in Korea, Buddhist monks had stronger links with the Vietnamese peasantry than with the elites. G) Now free of Chinese rule, Vietnam’s main rivals were the Chams and Khmers in the lowland south (both were influenced by India). The Vietnamese saw these peoples as “nude savages”. They pushed the Chams north to the highland. The Khmers pushed towards the Mekong Delta, and the Vietnamese followed, making their capital at Hanoi. The Vietnamese were still in the Mekong Delta and even a bit into Cambodia when the French arrived in the 18th century.

15. Mekong River Delta Today

16. Vietnam Continued… H) By the end of the 16th century 2 rival families fought for power; the Nguyen and the Trinh. This rivalry weakened Vietnam, making it easier for European imperialism.

17. Summary How did China influence Korea and Vietnam? How did this influence differ from that of Japan?