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The Principles and Methods of Buddhist Meditation 佛教 禪修要旨與方法

The Principles and Methods of Buddhist Meditation 佛教 禪修要旨與方法. What is Buddhist Meditation. Chan (Chinese)/Zen (Japanese) 禪 is a transliteration from dhyāna or jhāna 禪是梵文 dhyāna 或巴利文 jhāna 的音譯 The focus of one’s mind on a single object 心一境性名為定；既是把心控制在同一所緣境上，修止成定。

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The Principles and Methods of Buddhist Meditation 佛教 禪修要旨與方法

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  1. The Principles and Methods of Buddhist Meditation佛教禪修要旨與方法

  2. What is Buddhist Meditation • Chan (Chinese)/Zen (Japanese) 禪 is a transliteration from dhyāna or jhāna禪是梵文dhyāna或巴利文jhāna的音譯 • The focus of one’s mind on a single object心一境性名為定；既是把心控制在同一所緣境上，修止成定。 • Śamatha (tranquility止) and vipaśyanā (insight觀)

  3. Stages of Meditational Attainments (Samāpatti)禪定的種類 • Not-yet-arrived meditation / 未到地定 • Four fundamental meditations (dhyāna) of the fine-material sphere (rūpa) / 色界四禪 • Four meditations of the non-material sphere (arūpa) / 無色界四種定 • Sphere of infinite space, consciousness, nothingness, and neither-perception-nor-nonperception.

  4. Goals of Practicing Meditation修禪定的目地 • Worldly Benefits:世間利益 • To reduce desires對治內心對外在物質的欲望 • To tame a chaotic mind對治散亂 • To attain a balance between mind and body達到身心的平衡

  5. The Ultimate Benefits出世間利益 • To achieve transcendental wisdom (prajñā)依定發慧 • Supernatural powers神通 • To remove mental defilement (kleśa)斷煩惱 • To escape from the cycle of rebirth or redeath (saṃsāra)了世界輪迴

  6. The Six Realms of Existence六道輪迴 • Heaven • Asura • Human • Animal • Ghost • Hell

  7. Method • Focus one’s mind on a single object攝心於同一所緣境

  8. The principles regarding the object of focus所緣的原則 • Able to purify one’s mind淨治惑障 • Able to correspond to the universal principle of dependent co-arising (pratityasamutpada), impermanence (anitya), and non-intrinsic nature (anatman)順於正理:緣起、無常、無我

  9. Five Basic Meditations五停心觀 • Meditation on impurity—greedy type不淨觀—多欲眾生 • Meditation on loving kindness—resentful type慈悲觀—多瞋眾生 • Meditation on dependent co-arising—deluded type緣起觀—多癡眾生 • Meditation on breathing—easily distracted type數息觀—多散眾生 • Meditation on the Buddha—heavily-impeded-by-negative-karma type 念佛觀—多障眾生

  10. Preparation前方便 • The requirements of fundamental ethics 基本戒律 • To cultivate of compassion and gentleness 訓練慈善柔和的心 • To reduce some strong negative defilement克制粗重煩惱

  11. Stay away from five desires and five hindrances離五欲，去五蓋 • Desires to five sense objects五欲: • Visual 色 • Auditory 聲 • Olfactory 香 • Gustatory味 • Tactile 觸

  12. Five hindrances 五蓋: • Sensual desires 欲 • Anger 瞋 • Sloth 昏沉 • Restlessness 掉舉 • Doubt 疑

  13. Ānāpāna安那般那 (數息觀) • Features • Suitable for the majority / 適合大多數的人 • Easy to practice / 容易修 • The only tool you need is yourself /唯一的工具就是您們自己 • Anytime / 任何時間 • Anywhere / 任何地點

  14. Breath Counting數息 • Focus on the philtrum攝心於人中 • Feel the breath brushing in and out through the nostrils感覺氣息的出入 • Count ten breaths, repeated the process數十次呼息，重複數息 • Focus on breath after mind is calm心集中後，心覺息

  15. Schedule時間表 • Session A • 10:00 – 10:30: sitting meditation 坐禪 • 10:30 – 10: 40 walking meditation 行禪 • 10:40 – 11:00 Break (Silence) 休息 (止靜) • Session B • 11:00 – 11:30: sitting meditation 坐禪 • 11:30 – 11:40: walking meditation 行禪 • 11:40 – 11:50: open for questions 問題解答 • Lunch – 12:00 – 1:00pm 午餐

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