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Mercury In Skin Supplies

Mercury In Skin Supplies. By: Abdihakim Abdullahi Chem 4101 December 9, 2011. Background.

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Mercury In Skin Supplies

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  1. Mercury In Skin Supplies By: Abdihakim Abdullahi Chem 4101 December 9, 2011

  2. Background Mercury is an extremely toxic element and exists in nature in many different forms and oxidation levels, with the most common being Mercury (II). Mercury in bleaching and cosmetic creams were introduced the early 1900 when it was discovered that Mercury was extremely effective in lightening dark spots and stubborn pigmentation but it also had a high remission rate. Nevertheless bleaching creams with high levels of Mercury was aggressively marketed to black people. In 1976 Mercury was banned in the EU when it was discovered that it had damaging side effects. The US banned the use of Mercury in cosmetic creams much later in 1990. The reason Mercury was banned was it proved to be very toxic and can absorb through the skin and cause neurological affects and can even poison and shut down certain organisms like the kidneys.

  3. Problem: Recently more and more products such as Diana and Lemon Herbal Whitening Cream have shown up in the markets with mercury levels well over the permitted federal limits, of less then one parts per million, of mercury. Some of these products have shown levels of 33,000 parts per million of mercury. With these products finding their way to shelves of stores through informal trade it is difficult to keep track of them. Therefore these products continue to circulate Hypothesis: My hypothesis is the mercury in these products cause a lot of health issues especially pertaining to communities such as the Somali community, in which these products keep showing up in.

  4. Experiment Overview Separation: My analyte, inorganic mercury, is in a very complex matrix (cosmetic cream) so the first we have to separate the mercury. Identify: Next we have to identify the mercury, then quantify it.

  5. Possible Detector techniques

  6. Fluorescence Preferred Detection Method Advantages of Fluorescence: Highly sensitive technique Up to 1,000 times more sensitive than UV / visible spectroscopy. Therefore often used in drug or drug metabolite determinations by HPLC with fluorimetricdetector. Non-fluorescing compounds can be made fluorescent –derivitisation. Selective versatile technique Since excitation and emission wavelengths are utilised, gives selectivity to an assay compared to UV / visible spectroscopy. Differing modes of spectroscopy yield wide versatility.

  7. Possible Separation Methods

  8. Separation Method of Choice Reverse phase HPLC coupled to a Hg-specific detector (fluorescence, photometry or other elemental detectors). Using an eluent of methanol-10 mM sodium acetate buffer (80:20, pH 6.2) containing 0.1 mM 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT). C18 column, UV detection at 285 nm. Detection limit for Hg is 0.5 ng

  9. HPLC Schematic

  10. Results As stated earlier mercury is a highly toxic element that can readily absorb into the skin and cause damaging neurological disorders amongst other things and although the FDA has put a ban on cosmetic creams that have mercury in them, products containing high levels of mercury keep appearing on shelves through informal trade. By using analytical methods the mercury in these creams can be quantified then we can find out toxic/dangerous these creams really are in hopes of finding a correlation to certain health disorders in communities in which these creams are sold.

  11. References Skin-Lightening Products Found to Contain Mercury: Minnesota Department of Health. http://www.health.state.mn.us/topics/skin/ (accessed September 19, 2011) Lide, D. R., ed (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. pp. 4.125-4.126. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 Yao-Chin Wang, Chen-WenWhang: High-performance liquid chromatography of inorganic mercury and organomercury with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704 Taiwan. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002196739380340E (accessed online, November 7, 2011) Skoog , D, et al. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed.; Brooks/Cole: Belmont, CA, 2007. Mercury Analysis in Environmental Samples by Cold Vapor Techniques. In: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. 2006. Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6. M. Berlin, 1986. Mercury. In: Friberg, L., Nordberg, G., Vouk, V. (Eds.), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 387-444. Hintelmann, H.; Wilken, R. D. Appl. Orgammer. Chem. 1993,7, 173-180. ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Mercury, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, 1999.; (b) ATSDR, ToxProfiles: Mercury, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, 2005. H. Emeteborg, N. Hadgu, D. Baxter, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 9, (1994), 297-302. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): www.files.chem.vt.edu/ chem-ed/sep/lc/hplc.html Yong-Suk Cho, Kyo Han Ahn, "A ‘turn-on’ fluorescent probe that selectively responds to inorganic mercury species" (Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advance Molecular Systems, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea) http://www.postech.ac.kr/lab/chem/mras/download/90.pdf (Accessed online October 17th, 2011) Fluorescence Spectroscopy: chemistry.technion.ac.il/download.php?id=119&tbl=equations

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