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Women in Physics and Astronomy

Women in Physics and Astronomy. Contact: Rachel Ivie Statistical Research Center American Institute of Physics rivie@aip.org. Data Sources. Statistical Research Center, AIP Arnell Ephraim Garrett Anderson Michael Neuschatz Raymond Chu Roman Czujko Patrick Mulvey Mark McFarling

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Women in Physics and Astronomy

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  1. Women in Physics and Astronomy Contact: Rachel Ivie Statistical Research Center American Institute of Physics rivie@aip.org

  2. Data Sources • Statistical Research Center, AIP • Arnell Ephraim • Garrett Anderson • Michael Neuschatz • Raymond Chu • Roman Czujko • Patrick Mulvey • Mark McFarling • Judith Mulvey • Supported by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation • National Science Foundation • National Center for Education Statistics (caspar.nsf.gov)

  3. In US, women earn·    >55% of all bachelor's degrees·    >45% of all PhDs In Astronomy (2005), women earned ·    40% of bachelor's degrees·    33% of PhDs In Physics (2005), women earned ·    21% of bachelor's degrees·    14% of PhDs Sources: National Science Foundation, National Center for Education Statistics, AIP Statistical Research Center.

  4. Girls as a percentage of high school physics students Source: AIP High School Physics Teacher Surveys

  5. Percent of Degrees Earned by Women in Astronomy, 1972-2005 Bachelors Bachelors PhD

  6. Percent of Bachelor’s Degrees Earned by Women in Selected Fields, 1966-2004. Source: National Center for Education Statistics. Data for Academic Year 1999 were not available. Compiled by AIP Statistical Research Center.

  7. Teachers and Faculty (2005-2006) 31% of high school physics teachers are women. 17% of astronomy faculty are women.   13% of physics faculty are women. 11% of physics department chairs are women. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center.

  8. 1998 2002 2006 Academic Rank Full Professor 3 5 6 Associate Prof. 10 11 14 Assistant Prof. 17 16 17 Instructor/Adjunct N/A 16 19 Other ranks 13 15 12 Type of Department PhD 6 7 10 Master’s 9 13 16 Bachelor’s 11 14 19 OVERALL 8 10 13 Percent of faculty positions in physics held by women. AIP Statistical Research Center, 2006 Academic Workforce Survey.

  9. Percent of astronomy faculty positions held by women. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center. Stand-alone astronomy departments only.

  10. Percent of physics departments with women faculty in professorial ranks, 2006 AIP Statistical Research Center, 2006 Academic Workforce Survey.

  11. Most current statistics: About 50% of high school physics students are girls. Percent Women Physics Astronomy Bachelor’s 21 40 PhDs 14 33 Faculty 13 17 …Leaky pipeline?

  12. High school to undergraduate In 2001, 46% of high school physics students were female. In 2005, women earned 21% of bachelor's degrees in physics. In 2005, women earned 40% of bachelor’s degrees in astronomy. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center.

  13. Undergraduate to Graduate In 2004-05, women earned 21% of bachelor’s degrees in physics. In Fall 2005, 23% of entering physics graduate students were women. In academic years ending 2004 and 2005 (combined), women earned 39% of bachelor’s degrees in astronomy. In Fall 2004 and 2005 (combined), 39% of entering astronomy grad students were women. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center

  14. Graduate School In 1998 &1999, 19% of entering physics graduate students were women. In 2005, women earned 14% of of physics PhDs. In 1998 & 1999, 28% of entering astronomy graduate students were women. In 2005, women earned 33% of astronomy PhDs. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center.

  15. Representation of women physics faculty compared to percentage earning PhDs Dates of PhD Average % PhDs to Women % Women Faculty, 2006 Full Professor 1969-1983 4 6 Assoc. Professor 1985-1993 10 14 Asst. Professor 1994-2000 13 17 Dates of PhD are for middle 50% of faculty respondents to the 2004 AIP Membership Survey. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center.

  16. Representation of women astronomy faculty compared to percentage earning PhDs Dates of PhD Average % PhDs to Women % Women Faculty, 2006 Full Professor 1971-1984 8 11 Assoc. Professor 1984-1993 13 24 Asst. Professor 1996-1999 21 28 Dates of PhD are for middle 50% of faculty respondents to the 2004 AIP Membership Survey. Source: AIP Statistical Research Center.

  17. Hispanic and African-American women receiving physics bachelor’s degrees Number African-American Hispanic-American National Center for Education Statistics. Data for academic year 1999 not available. Compiled by AIP Statistical Research Center.

  18. Why more women in astronomy than physics? • No one knows for sure • Hypotheses • Climate is better in astronomy than in physics • Critical mass: sociologists have theory that underrepresented groups have to reach a certain threshold before newcomers see field as viable option

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