Homework : Finish Chinese Culture Post-It by tomorrow

1. FrontPage:NNIGN April 4: National Tell-A-Lie Day April 7: International Pillow Fight Day April 13: National Scrabble Day April 14: National Reach as High as You Can Day April 20: Lima Bean Respect Day April 22: National Jelly Bean Day April 23: Talk Like Shakespeare Day April 27: Morse Code Day April 28: Eeyore’s BirthdayEven pessimistic stuffed donkeys have birthdays. You could throw a party, but why bother? Homework: Finish Chinese Culture Post-It by tomorrow

2. Chinese Dynasties Nearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing

3. The Legacy of the Chinese Dynasties • Dynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 years • From about 1700BC to 1911AD • Many different dynasties (ruling families) control China during this period • Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt Chinese names **Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their style of rule, achievements, and contribution to history

4. Qin – the First Empire • 221BC – 206BC • Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler, Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) • The name “China” comes from the name of this dynasty

5. Qin – The Rule of Shi Huangdi • Legalist principles adopted to govern the empire • Strict, harsh and uniform laws • Centralized power in his own hands • General improvements • Standardized weights and measures • Improved transportation by building roads • Helped farmers by initiating irrigation projects • Banned/burned Confucian books and persecuted Confucian scholars • The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and extended its reach

6. Qin – The Fall of Shi Huangdi • Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and strengthening the empire • But the taxes required to accomplish many of these tasks placed a burden on many • Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant labor • Nobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledge • After his death, revolts break out in China • A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin and begins a new dynasty – the Han

7. The Qin Dynasty

8. The Han • 206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang • China extends its empire into central Asia

9. The Rule of the Han • Lasts for around 400 years • Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the way to the Middle East and beyond • Chinese contribute silk, jade and bronze • Chinese receive products from India and Asia, and learn about other cultures as well

10. The Rule of the Han • Restored Confucian ideas in government • Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in society • Ideas/inventions developed during this time include: • Paper, seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, irrigation systems, foot stirrup • Chinese establish a rigorous exam system in order to determine which individuals in society were worthy of prestigious government jobs • This civil service system exists until the early 1900’s

11. The Han • Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power struggles mark the end of the Han period • Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists, but several smaller rulers maintained power

12. The Tang Dynasty • Lasts from 618AD – 907AD • Emerges after period of frequent dynastic changes • Sometimes coupled with a prior dynasty, the Sui • Distinction of having the only female empress in Chinese history

13. The Tang Dynasty • Canals built during and before this dynasty help to unite the empire • Increase trade, transportation and communication • Growth of rice increases dramatically due to new inventions • Policy of taxation by person, not by land, indicates well-developed census system • Compiled the Tang code; earliest Chinese system of laws that still exists

14. The Tang Dynasty

15. The Sang • Lasts from 960AD – 1279AD • Under both the Tang and the Sang, China enjoyed times of peace

16. Achievements of The Sang • The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their trade interests • Became a great sea power for a time • Utilized inventions of rudder, gunpowder and the magnetic compass • Literature and the arts flourished; poetry and painting become popular • Block printing and movable type were also invented during this time • These advancements also contributed to the increase in literacy

17. The Sang Dynasty

18. The Mongol Invasions • During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a strong threat to powers in Asia • Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227 • After his death, his empire was split among his sons

19. The Yuan (Mongol) dynasty • Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279 • Adopts the name Yuan as a ruling family • Rule was difficult since Mongols and Chinese were very different • Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in China; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in government • In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the Chinese were able to overthrow them in 1368

20. The Yuan (Mongol) dynasty

21. The Ming Dynasty • Rules China from 1368AD – 1644AD • Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate of Heaven

22. The Ming Dynasty • Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that had existed under Tang/Sang • Revived use of Confucian ideas • Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City” • Much of what we know of the Great Wall was built or rebuilt during this period • Sent large expeditions overseas to re-establish trade and their power at sea • But at some point in history, the Ming begin to cut off their trade and contact with the outside world • Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)

23. The Ming Dynasty

24. The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty • Lasts from 1644AD – 1911AD • Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China conquer the Ming • Dynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynasty

25. The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty • The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into Chinese culture • Passed laws preventing intermixing of cultures • Required Chinese men to adopt Manchu clothing; try to outlaw foot binding but are unsuccessful • Created dual positions in government for Chinese and Manchus • During this time, European influence became very strong in China

26. The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty

27. Review • From which dynasty does the name “China” come from? • Name a major achievement, invention or development that occurred during the dynastic period in China • Which outside groups founded the Yuan and the Qing dynasty? • During which dynasty was European influence the strongest?