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Week 1 Day 2 Impact of Paradigms on Research

DIE 4564 Research Methods. Week 1 Day 2 Impact of Paradigms on Research. “Pair of Dimes”? …Paradigms!. Paradigms – a model or frame of reference through which to observe and understand. Paradigms are neither “true” nor “false”. Science Paradigms.

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Week 1 Day 2 Impact of Paradigms on Research

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  1. DIE 4564 Research Methods Week 1 Day 2 Impact of Paradigms on Research

  2. “Pair of Dimes”? …Paradigms! • Paradigms – a model or frame of reference through which to observe and understand. • Paradigms are neither “true” nor “false”

  3. Science Paradigms • Theories seek to provide logical explanations. • Theories prevent our being taken in by flukes. • Theories makes sense of observed patterns. • Theories shape and direct research efforts.

  4. Discussion points • What paradigm shifts have you experienced during your BSDN coursework? • In what way do you think paradigms influence scientific inquiry?

  5. Some Social Science Paradigms • Macrotheory – a theory aimed at understanding the “big picture” of institutions, whole societies, and the interactions among societies. • Examples: class struggles, international relations, and interrelations between social institutions And in dietetics?...

  6. Some Social Science Paradigms • Microtheory – a theory aimed at understanding social life at the intimate level of individuals and their interactions. • Examples: dating behavior, jury deliberations, student-faculty interactions

  7. Some Social Science Paradigms • Mesotheory – referencing an intermediate level between macro and micro. • Examples: studying organizations, communities, and social categories

  8. Paradigms Shifts in Dietetic Practice • Dispensing of diets and information • Behavior modification • Client-centered counseling • Trans-theoretical Model of Change • Motivational Interviewing

  9. Health Belief Model People’s beliefs influence their health-related behaviors • Perceived susceptibility • Perceived severity • Perceived benefits • Perceived barriers • Perceived self-efficacy

  10. Trans-theoretical Model / Stages of Change People’s behaviors are determined by readiness to take action. • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance

  11. Theory of Planned Behavior Behaviors are determined by their intensions to engage in that behavior. • Attitudes • Outcome expectation • Subjective norm • Perceived behavior control (internal and external)

  12. Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory) Reciprocal Determinism: Behavior change is the result of a dynamic interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. • Outcome expectations • Self-regulation • Behavioral capacity • Expectations • Self-efficacy • Observational Learning • Reinforcement • Facilitation

  13. Discussion • What current trends might create paradigm shifts in dietetics practice?

  14. Example of both a lit review and a paradigm shift

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